Permittivity models for determination of moisture content in Hevea Rubber Latex
Keywords:
open-ended coaxial probe, permittivity models, Hevea Rubber Latex, moisture rubber contentAbstract
The commercial open-ended coaxial probe (Agilent 85070E) is the most commonly used sensor to determine the permittivity of wet materials. This paper extends the usability and applicability of the sensor to the estimation of moisture content in Hevea Rubber Latex. The dielectric constant and loss factor were measured using the commercial probe whilst the moisture contents were obtained using the standard oven drying method. Comparison results were obtained between the different dielectric models to predict moisture content in latex. Both the dielectric constant and the loss factor of rubber latex linearly increased with moisture content at all selected frequencies. Calibration equations were established to relate both the dielectric constant and the loss factor with moisture content. These equations were used to predict moisture content in Hevea latex from measured values of the dielectric constant and the loss factor. The lowest mean relative error between actual and predicted moisture contents was 0.02 at 1 GHz when using the Cole-Cole dielectric constant calibration equation. Keywords: open-ended coaxial probe, permittivity models, Hevea Rubber Latex, moisture rubber content DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20140705.005 Citation: Yahaya N Z, Abbas Z, Ibrahim N M, Hafizi M H M, Yahaya M Z. Permittivity models for determination of moisture content in Hevea Rubber Latex. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2014; 7(5): 48-54.References
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[4] Khalid K, Hassan J and Wan Yusof W D. Dielectric phenomena in Hevea Rubber Latex and its applications. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, May 25-30, 1997; Seoul, Korea.
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[9] Frederic P M, Vandome A F, McBrewster J. Debye Model. Alphascript Publishing, 2009.
[10] Kraszewski A, Kulinski S, Matuszewski M. Dielectric properties and model of biphase water suspension at 9.4 GHz. J Appl Phys, 1976; 47(4): 1275–1278.
[11] Kupfer K. Electromagnetic aquametry: Electromagnetic wave interaction with water and moist substances. Berlin: Springer, Germany, 2005.
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[13] Malaysian Standard, MS 466: Methods of Sampling and Testing Field Latex (First Revision), SIRIM : Standard & Research Institute of Malaysia, 1987.
[14] Wang S, Tang J, Johnson J A, Mitcham E, Hansen J D, Hallman G, Drake S R, Wang Y. Dielectric properties of fruits and insect pests as related to radio frequency and microwave treatments. Biosystems Engineering, 2003; 85(2): 201–212.
[15] Nyfors E and Vainikainen P. Industrial microwave sensors. Artech House, Norwood, MA, 1989; pp. 216–222.
[16] Werner M. Novel microwave sensors for detection of subsurface moisture and acid. Subsurface Sensing Technologies and Applications, 2000; 1 (4): 441-451.
[2] Khalid K B. The application of microstrip sensors for determination of moisture content in Hevea Rubber Latex. Journal of Microwave Power& EM Energy, 1988; 23(1): 45.
[3] Ansarudin F, Abbas Z, Hassan J, Yahaya N Z, Ismail M A. A simple insulated monopole sensor technique for determination of moisture content in Hevea Rubber Latex. Measurement Science Review, 2012; 12(6): 249–254.
[4] Khalid K, Hassan J and Wan Yusof W D. Dielectric phenomena in Hevea Rubber Latex and its applications. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, May 25-30, 1997; Seoul, Korea.
[5] Agilent Technologies, Inc. Agilent basics of measuring the dielectric properties of materials. Application Note. USA, 2005.
[6] Yeow Y K. A critical study of open-ended coaxial sensor for oil palm fruits measurements. PhD Dissertation, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 2006.
[7] Cole K S, Cole R H. Dispersion and absorption in dielectrics - i alternating current characteristics. J. Chem. Phys, 1941; 9: 341–352
[8] Blackham D V, Pollard R D. An improved technique for permittivity measurements using a coaxial sensor. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 1997; IM-46, (4): 1093–1099.
[9] Frederic P M, Vandome A F, McBrewster J. Debye Model. Alphascript Publishing, 2009.
[10] Kraszewski A, Kulinski S, Matuszewski M. Dielectric properties and model of biphase water suspension at 9.4 GHz. J Appl Phys, 1976; 47(4): 1275–1278.
[11] Kupfer K. Electromagnetic aquametry: Electromagnetic wave interaction with water and moist substances. Berlin: Springer, Germany, 2005.
[12] Khalid K, Zaidan A W, Kasmani A R. Microwave drying of Hevea Rubber Latex and total solid content (tsc) determination. Pertanika Journal Science & Technology, 1988; 11(2): 289–297.
[13] Malaysian Standard, MS 466: Methods of Sampling and Testing Field Latex (First Revision), SIRIM : Standard & Research Institute of Malaysia, 1987.
[14] Wang S, Tang J, Johnson J A, Mitcham E, Hansen J D, Hallman G, Drake S R, Wang Y. Dielectric properties of fruits and insect pests as related to radio frequency and microwave treatments. Biosystems Engineering, 2003; 85(2): 201–212.
[15] Nyfors E and Vainikainen P. Industrial microwave sensors. Artech House, Norwood, MA, 1989; pp. 216–222.
[16] Werner M. Novel microwave sensors for detection of subsurface moisture and acid. Subsurface Sensing Technologies and Applications, 2000; 1 (4): 441-451.
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Published
2014-10-30
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Yahaya, N. Z., Abbas, Z., Ibrahim, N. M., Hafizi, M. H. M., & Yahaya, M. Z. (2014). Permittivity models for determination of moisture content in Hevea Rubber Latex. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 7(5), 48–54. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/929
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Natural Resources and Environmental Systems
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