Effects of plug tray cell size on the growth of Atractylodes Chinensis (DC) Koidz seedlings
Keywords:
Atractylodes Chinensis(DC) Koidz, plug seedling, plug tray cell sizeAbstract
Atractylodes Chinensis (DC) Koidz is a perennial herb often used as a prescription medicine for influenza, to invigorate the spleen and remove dampness. The quality of the herb is determined by the quality of the seedlings. The traditional A. chinensis seedling production technique has nonuniform seedlings and low mechanisation. The plug seedling technique was used to produce A. Chinensis seedlings. This study was conducted to determine the growth characteristics of A. Chinensis seedlings according to the cell size of plug trays and number of days after sowing. Plant height, stem diameter, rhizome diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, and shoot dry and fresh weight of A. Chinensis seedlings were significantly higher in the P32-D treatment than in the P72, P50, and P32 treatments, but not significantly different from the P28-D treatment 60 d after sowing. The P28-D treatment resulted in a considerable drop in rhizome fresh weight and healthy seedling index, both of which are key indicators for assessing seedling quality. Although the differences in Pn among treatments were not significantly different, Tr was considerably greater in A. Chinensis seedlings treated with P32-D and P28-D than in the other three treatments. The P32-D and P28-D treatments had considerably greater potential maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, quantum yield of photosystem II, photochemical quenching and electron transport rate than the other three treatments. Root vitality of A. Chinensis seedlings was significantly stronger in the P32-D treatment than in the other four treatments, and it was 1.9 times higher than in the P28-D treatment. The soluble protein, soluble sugar, and starch contents of A. Chinensis seedlings were highest in the P32-D treatment, but the differences among treatments were not significant. LUE, EUE, PY and EY were significantly higher in the P32-D treatment than in the other four treatments, being 1.3, 1.3, 1.4 and 1.4 times higher than in P28-D, respectively. On the other hand, as for the change in the growth of A. Chinensis seedlings according to the number of days after sowing, the growth of shoots and rhizome was most vigorous at the 60 d after sowing, while the fresh weight of the rhizome, which can be considered as an indicator of root growth, increased steadily during the experiment but slowed down after 60 d. As a result, 32-cell deepened plug trays and a seedling nursery for a period of 60-75 d are recommended for commercial cultivation of A. Chinensis seedlings. This will provide technical support for production in A. Chinensis seedling. Key words: Atractylodes Chinensis(DC) Koidz; plug seedling; plug tray cell size DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20241704.8916 Citation: Shi K X, Liang J W, Ji F, He D X. Effects of plug tray cell size on the growth of Atractylodes Chinensis (DC) Koidz seedlings. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2024; 17(4): 45–52.References
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[18] Oh H J, Kwon H H, Kim J H, Cho W W, Kim S-Y. Growth characteristics by plug tray cell size, soil type, and fertilizer concentration for plug seedling production of Veronica pusanensis Y. N. Lee. Journal of People, Plants, and Environment, 2022; 25(2): 143–152.
[19] Park S-Y, Yoon Y-H, Ju J-H. Growth characteristics of hemerocallis thunbergii baker seedlings depending on cell size in sowing using plug trays. Journal of People, Plants, and Environment, 2022; 25: 491–498.
[20] Li Y N, Liu N, Ji F, He D X. Optimal red: blue ratio of full spectrum LEDs for hydroponic pakchoi cultivation in plant factory. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2022; 15(3): 72–77.
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[23] Yang H, Wang T, Ji F, Zhou Q, Wang J F. Effects of LED light spectrum on the growth and energy use efficiency of eggplant transplants. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(3): 23–29.
[24] He D X, Yan Z N, Sun X, Yang P. Leaf development and energy yield of hydroponic sweetpotato seedlings using single-node cutting as influenced by light intensity and LED spectrum. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2020; 254: 153274.
[25] Zheng C, Xue S, Xiao L, Iqbal Y, Sun G, Duan M, et al. “Two-steps” seed-derived plugs as an effective propagation method for the establishment of Miscanthus in saline–alkaline soil. GCB Bioenergy, 2021; 13(6): 955–966.
[26] Clemensson-Lindell A. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride as an indicator of fine-root vitality and environmental stress in coniferous forest stands: Applications and limitations. Plant and Soil, 1994; 159: 297–300.
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[29] Yokoi S, Kozai T, Ohyama K, Hasegawa T, Chun C H, Kubota C. Effects of leaf area index of tomato seedling population on energy utilization efficiencies in a closed transplant production system. Journal of Society of High Technology in Agriculture, 2003; 15(4): 231–238. (in Japanese
[30] Kozai T. Resource use efficiency of closed plant production system with artificial light: concept, estimation and application to plant factory. Proceedings of the Japan Academy Ser B: Physical and Biological Sciences, 2013; 89(10): 447–461.
[31] Engels C, Kirkby E A. Cycling of nitrogen and potassium between shoot and roots in maize as affected by shoot and root growth. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2001; 164(2): 183–191.
[32] Son E, Yoon J-M, An B-J, Lee Y M, Cha J, Chi G-Y, et al. Comparison among activities and isoflavonoids from Pueraria thunbergiana aerial parts and root. Molecules, 2019; 24(5): 912.
[33] Wang J, Lu W, Tong X Y, Yang Q C. Leaf morphology, photosynthetic performance, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ) exposed to different ratios of red light to blue light. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016; 7.
[34] Sung F J M. The Effect of leaf water status on stomatal activity, transpiration and nitrate reductase of sweet potato. Agricultural Water Management, 1981; 4(4): 465–470.
[35] Lin K H, Hwang W C, Lo H F. Chilling stress and chilling tolerance of sweet potato as sensed by chlorophyll fluorescence. Photosynthetica, 2007; 45(4): 628–632.
[36] Zhou J, Yuan W D, Di B, Zhang G H, Zhu J X, Zhou P Y, et al. Relationship among electrical signals, chlorophyll fluorescence, and root vitality of strawberry seedlings under drought stress. Agronomy, 2022; 12(6): 1428.
[37] Yeoung Y R, Jung M K, Kim B S, Hong S J, Chun C H, Park S W. Effect of plug cell size on seedling growth of summer spinach. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 2005; 22(4): 422–425.
[2] Zhang W J, Zhao Z Y, Chang L K, Cao Y, Wang S, Kang C Z, et al. Atractylodis Rhizoma: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and quality control. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2020; 266(3): 113415.
[3] Wang Y H, Wang S, Liu Y L, Yuan Q J, Sun J H, Guo L P. Chloroplast genome variation and phylogenetic relationships of Atractylodes species. BMC Genomics, 2021; 22: 103.
[4] Huang K, Zhang P, Zhang Z H, Youn J Y, Wang C, Zhang H C, et al. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the treatment of COVID-19 and other viral infections: Efficacies and mechanisms. Pharmacol Ther, 2021; 225: 107843.
[5] Zhou J Y, Li X, Zheng J Y, Dai C C. Volatiles released by endophytic Pseudomonas fluorescens promoting the growth and volatile oil accumulation in Atractylodes lancea. Plant Physiol Biochem, 2016; 101: 132–140.
[6] DB13/T 2692-2018. Chinese medicinal materials’ seeds (seedlings)-Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. Hebei: Quality and Technology Supervision Bureau of Hebei. 2018. (in Chinese)
[7] 20203788-T-326. Technical specification for high quality planting, cultivation and production standardization of Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. Beijing: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China. 2020. (in Chinese)
[8] Li M Y, Jin X, Ji J T, Li P G, Du X W. Design and experiment of intelligent sorting and transplanting system for healthy vegetable seedlings. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(4): 208–216.
[9] Clifton-Brown J, Hastings A, Mos M, McCalmont J P, Ashman C, Awty-Carroll D, et al. , Progress in upscaling Miscanthus biomass production for the European bio-economy with seed-based hybrids. GCB Bioenergy, 2017; 9(1): 6–17.
[10] Marr C W, Jirak M. Holding tomato transplants in plug trays. HortScience, 1990; 25(2): 173–176.
[11] Marohnic J, Geneve R L. Container volume and height affect shoot and root development in marigold seedlings. HortScience, 1995; 30(4): 868B–868.
[12] Jeong H W, Kim H M, Lee H R, Kim H M, Hwang S J. Growth of Astragalus membranaceus during nursery period as affected by different plug tray cell size, number of seeds per cell, irrigation interval, and EC level of nutrient solution. Horticultural Science and Technology, 2020; 38(2): 210–217.
[13] Liu Y. Quality enhancement of plug seedlings of three medicinal plant species by environmental modulation. PhD dissertation. Seoul: Gyeongsang National University, 2019; 248p.
[14] Lee B, Pham M D, Hwang H, Jang I, Chun C. Growth and morphology of ginseng seedlings cultivated in an ebb-and-flow subirrigation system as affected by cell dimension. Horticultural Science and Technology, 2021; 39(2): 224–231. doi: 10.7235/ HORT. 20210020.
[15] Shin Y A, Kim K Y, Kim Y C, Seo T C, Chung J H, Pak H Y. Effect of plug cell size and seedling age on seedling quality and early growth after transplanting of red pepper. Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science, 2000; 41(1): 49–52.
[16] Žnidarčič D, Kacjan-maršić N. Effect of plug cell size on growth and yield of corn salad transplants. Modern Concepts & Developments in Agronomy, 2018; 3(1).
[17] Park K W, Park H R, Beak J P, Kim J H, Yang D S. Baby vegetable production using plug tray. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology, 2009; 27(3): 359–364.
[18] Oh H J, Kwon H H, Kim J H, Cho W W, Kim S-Y. Growth characteristics by plug tray cell size, soil type, and fertilizer concentration for plug seedling production of Veronica pusanensis Y. N. Lee. Journal of People, Plants, and Environment, 2022; 25(2): 143–152.
[19] Park S-Y, Yoon Y-H, Ju J-H. Growth characteristics of hemerocallis thunbergii baker seedlings depending on cell size in sowing using plug trays. Journal of People, Plants, and Environment, 2022; 25: 491–498.
[20] Li Y N, Liu N, Ji F, He D X. Optimal red: blue ratio of full spectrum LEDs for hydroponic pakchoi cultivation in plant factory. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2022; 15(3): 72–77.
[21] Jung W-S, Chung III-M, Hwang M H, Kim S-H, Yu C Y, Ghimire B K. Application of light-emitting diodes for improving the nutritional quality and bioactive compound levels of some crops and medicinal plants. Molecules, 2021; 26(5): 1477.
[22] Guo X Z, Li Q, Yan B B, Wang Y F, Wang S, Xiong F, et al. Mild shading promotes sesquiterpenoid synthesis and accumulation in Atractylodes lancea by regulating photosynthesis and phytohormones. Scientific Reports, 2022; 12(1): 21648.
[23] Yang H, Wang T, Ji F, Zhou Q, Wang J F. Effects of LED light spectrum on the growth and energy use efficiency of eggplant transplants. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(3): 23–29.
[24] He D X, Yan Z N, Sun X, Yang P. Leaf development and energy yield of hydroponic sweetpotato seedlings using single-node cutting as influenced by light intensity and LED spectrum. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2020; 254: 153274.
[25] Zheng C, Xue S, Xiao L, Iqbal Y, Sun G, Duan M, et al. “Two-steps” seed-derived plugs as an effective propagation method for the establishment of Miscanthus in saline–alkaline soil. GCB Bioenergy, 2021; 13(6): 955–966.
[26] Clemensson-Lindell A. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride as an indicator of fine-root vitality and environmental stress in coniferous forest stands: Applications and limitations. Plant and Soil, 1994; 159: 297–300.
[27] Karimi F, Hamidian Y, Behrouzifar F, Mostafazadeh R, Ghorbani-HasanSaraei A, Alizadeh M, et al. An applicable method for extraction of whole seeds protein and its determination through Bradford’s method. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2022; 164: 113053.
[28] Hu X Q, Fang C Y, Lu L, Hu Z Q, Shao Y F, Zhu Z W. Determination of soluble sugar profile in rice. Journal of Chromatography B, 2017; 1058: 19–23.
[29] Yokoi S, Kozai T, Ohyama K, Hasegawa T, Chun C H, Kubota C. Effects of leaf area index of tomato seedling population on energy utilization efficiencies in a closed transplant production system. Journal of Society of High Technology in Agriculture, 2003; 15(4): 231–238. (in Japanese
[30] Kozai T. Resource use efficiency of closed plant production system with artificial light: concept, estimation and application to plant factory. Proceedings of the Japan Academy Ser B: Physical and Biological Sciences, 2013; 89(10): 447–461.
[31] Engels C, Kirkby E A. Cycling of nitrogen and potassium between shoot and roots in maize as affected by shoot and root growth. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2001; 164(2): 183–191.
[32] Son E, Yoon J-M, An B-J, Lee Y M, Cha J, Chi G-Y, et al. Comparison among activities and isoflavonoids from Pueraria thunbergiana aerial parts and root. Molecules, 2019; 24(5): 912.
[33] Wang J, Lu W, Tong X Y, Yang Q C. Leaf morphology, photosynthetic performance, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ) exposed to different ratios of red light to blue light. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016; 7.
[34] Sung F J M. The Effect of leaf water status on stomatal activity, transpiration and nitrate reductase of sweet potato. Agricultural Water Management, 1981; 4(4): 465–470.
[35] Lin K H, Hwang W C, Lo H F. Chilling stress and chilling tolerance of sweet potato as sensed by chlorophyll fluorescence. Photosynthetica, 2007; 45(4): 628–632.
[36] Zhou J, Yuan W D, Di B, Zhang G H, Zhu J X, Zhou P Y, et al. Relationship among electrical signals, chlorophyll fluorescence, and root vitality of strawberry seedlings under drought stress. Agronomy, 2022; 12(6): 1428.
[37] Yeoung Y R, Jung M K, Kim B S, Hong S J, Chun C H, Park S W. Effect of plug cell size on seedling growth of summer spinach. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 2005; 22(4): 422–425.
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Published
2024-09-06
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Shi, K., Liang, J., Ji, F., & He, D. (2024). Effects of plug tray cell size on the growth of Atractylodes Chinensis (DC) Koidz seedlings. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 17(4), 45–52. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/8916
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