LED supplementary strategy based on hourly light integral for improving the yield and quality of greenhouse strawberries
Keywords:
daily light integral, hourly light integral, greenhouse strawberry, LED supplementary strategy, temperature coupling controlAbstract
Supplemental lighting is critical to the growth of greenhouse crops under the environmental conditions of low temperatures combined with weak radiation during the winter and spring seasons. To achieve the essential daily light integral (DLI) for greenhouse crop growth, a supplemental light strategy was proposed based on hourly light integral (HLI). The target HLI was calculated by dividing the target DLI by the duration of light exposure, while the actual HLI was obtained by accumulating the Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) based on real-time monitoring. Subsequently, the supplemental lighting duration for the next hour was determined by the difference between the target HLI and the actual HLI from all previous periods. Furthermore, the supplementary lighting strategy incorporated maximum values for both PPFD and temperature, and the supplemental light was withheld whenever the actual PPFD or temperature exceeded these values. An experiment was conducted on strawberries in a commercial greenhouse, targeting a DLI of 12.6 mol/(m2∙d), with no supplemental lighting as the control. The results indicated that LED supplemental lighting based on HLI increased the DLI to approximately10 mol/(m2∙d) and raised the strawberry canopy temperature by 1°C-2°C. Compared to the control treatment, the LED supplemental lighting based on HLI significantly improved the net photosynthetic rate, stem thickness, number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf width of the strawberry plants. Additionally, the fruit yield per plant, soluble solids content, and sugar-acid ratio in the supplemental lighting treatment increased by 32%, 21%, and 33%, respectively. Thus, LED supplemental lighting based on HLI is an effective strategy for improving the yield and quality of greenhouse crop production. Keywords: daily light integral, hourly light integral, greenhouse strawberry, LED supplementary strategy, temperature coupling control DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20241705.8900 Citation: Yang R M, Qiu C H, Zheng J F, Ji F, He D X, Yang P. LED supplementary strategy based on hourly light integral for improving the yield and quality of greenhouse strawberries. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2024; 17(5): 96-104.References
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[16] Paucek I, Pennisi G, Pistillo A, Appolloni E, Crepaldi A, Calegari B, et al. Supplementary LED interlighting improves yield and precocity of greenhouse tomatoes in the mediterranean. Agronomy, 2020; 10(7): 1002.
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[26] Chung H-Y, Chang M-Y, Wu C-C, Fang W. Quantitative evaluation of electric light recipes for red leaf lettuce cultivation in plant factories. HortTechnology, 2018; 28(6): 755–763.
[27] Nakayama M, Nakazawa Y. Effects of environmental control and LED supplemental lighting on strawberry growth and yield in a subtropical climate. Sci Hortic, 2023; 321: 112349.
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[30] Wang L, Li X, Xu M J, Guo Z W, Wang B R. Study on optimization model control method of light and temperature coordination of greenhouse crops with benefit priority. Comput Electron Agric, 2023; 210: 107892.
[31] Wang S Y, Meng X, Tang Z Q, Wu Y, Xiao X M, Zhang G B, et al. Red and blue LED light supplementation in the morning pre-activates the photosynthetic system of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaves and promotes plant growth. Agronomy, 2022; 12(4): 897.
[32] Wei H, Hu J T, Liu C, Wang M Z, Zhao J, Kang D II, et al. Effect of supplementary light source on quality of grafted tomato seedlings and expression of two photosynthetic genes. Agronomy, 2018; 8(10): 207.
[33] Hidaka K, Dan K, Imamura H, Miyoshi Y, Takayama T, Sameshima K, et al. Effect of supplemental lighting from different light sources on growth and yield of strawberry. Environ Control Biol, 2013; 51(1): 41–47.
[34] Bauerle W L, Mccullough C, Iversen M, Hazlett M. Leaf age and position effects on quantum yield and photosynthetic capacity in hemp crowns. Plants, 2020; 9(2): 271.
[35] Wilson K B, Baldocchi D D, Hanson P J. Leaf age affects the seasonal pattern of photosynthetic capacity and net ecosystem exchange of carbon in a deciduous forest. Plant Cell Environ, 2001; 24(6): 571–583.
[36] Bantis F, Smirnakou S, Ouzounis T, Koukounaras A, Ntagkas N, Radoglou K. Current status and recent achievements in the field of horticulture with the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Sci Hortic, 2018; 235: 437–451.
[37] Gao W, He D X, Ji F, Zhang S, Zheng J F. Effects of daily light integral and LED spectrum on growth and nutritional quality of hydroponic spinach. Agronomy, 2020; 10(8): 1082.
[38] Mccall D. Effect of supplementary light on tomato transplant growth, and the after-effects on yield. Scientia Horticulturae, 1992; 51(1-2): 65–70.
[39] Yan Z N, Wang C L, Li Z X, Li X, Cheng F, Lin D, et al. Supplementary white, UV-A, and far-red radiation differentially regulates growth and nutritional qualities of greenhouse lettuce. Plants, 2023; 12(18): 3234.
[40] Liu Y, Ren X X, Jeong B R. Supplementary light source affects growth, metabolism, and physiology of Adenophora triphylla (Thunb.) A. DC. seedlings. BioMed Res Int, 2019; 2019: 6283989.
[41] Jiang N, Yang Z Q, Zhang H Q, Xu J Q, Li C Y. Effect of low temperature on photosynthetic physiological activity of different photoperiod types of strawberry seedlings and stress diagnosis. Agronomy, 2023; 13(5): 1321.
[42] Cui M Y, Pham M D, Hwang H, Chun C. Flower development and fruit malformation in strawberries after short-term exposure to high or low temperature. Sci Hortic, 2021; 288: 110308.
[43] Mao W W, Han Y, Chen Y T, Sun M Z, Feng Q Q, Li L, et al. Low temperature inhibits anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry fruit by activating FvMAPK3-induced phosphorylation of FvMYB10 and degradation of Chalcone Synthase 1. Plant Cell, 2022; 34(4): 1226–1249.
[44] Zhang Z Z, Zhou N B, Xing Z P, Liu B L, Tian J Y, Wei H Y, et al. Effects of temperature and radiation on yield of spring wheat at different latitudes. Agriculture, 2022; 12(5): 627.
[45] Wei H, Wang M Z, Jeong B R. Effect of supplementary lighting duration on growth and activity of antioxidant enzymes in grafted watermelon seedlings. Agronomy, 2020; 10(3): 337.
[46] Elkins C, van Iersel M W. Longer photoperiods with the same daily light integral improve growth of rudbeckia seedlings in a greenhouse. HortScience, 2020; 55(10): 1676–1682.
[47] Wang S Y, Jin N, Jin L, Xiao X M, Hu L L, Liu Z C, et al. Response of tomato fruit quality depends on period of led supplementary light. Frontiers in nutrition, 2022; 9: 833723.
[48] Bastías A, López‐Climent M, Valcárcel M, Rosello S, Gómez‐Cadenas A, Casaretto J A. Modulation of organic acids and sugar content in tomato fruits by an abscisic acid‐regulated transcription factor. Physiol Plant, 2011; 141(3): 215–226.
[2] Tang Y L, Ma X, Li M, Wang Y F. The effect of temperature and light on strawberry production in a solar greenhouse. Sol Energy, 2020; 195: 318–328.
[3] Hao X, Guo X, Lanoue J, Zhang Y, Cao R, Zheng J, et al. A review on smart application of supplemental lighting in greenhouse fruiting vegetable production. Acta Hortic, 2018; 499–506. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1227.63.
[4] He D X, Yan Z N, Sun X, Yang P. Leaf development and energy yield of hydroponic sweetpotato seedlings using single-node cutting as influenced by light intensity and LED spectrum. J Plant Physiol, 2020; 254: 153274.
[5] Ruelland E, Zachowski A. How plants sense temperature. Environ Exp Bot, 2010; 69(3): 225–232.
[6] Penfield S. Temperature perception and signal transduction in plants. New Phytol, 2008; 179(3): 615–628.
[7] Wang J Z, He T, Zhou J, Gu R R, Li Y. LED Lighting controls System for plant based on chlorophyll fluorescence sensor. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2019; 50: 347–352.
[8] Xu L H, Xu H, Wei R H. Research on optimal model of blueberry greenhouse light and temperature coordination. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2022; 53(1): 360–369.
[9] Chong J A, Samarakoon U C, Faust J E. Effects of daily light integral and canopy density on shoot growth and development in a Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex. Klotsch) stock plant canopy. HortScience, 2014; 49(1): 51–54.
[10] Hao X, Papadopoulos A P, Khosla S. Development of a high-wire cucumber production system on raised-troughs with supplemental lighting for year-round production. Acta Hortic, 2007; 337–340.
[11] Hidaka K, Okamoto A, Araki T, Miyoshi Y, Dan K, Imamura H, et al. Effect of photoperiod of supplemental lighting with light-emitting diodes on growth and yield of strawberry. Environ Control Biol, 2014; 52(2): 63–71.
[12] Brechner M L, Albright L D, Weston L. Impact of differing light integrals at a constant light intensity: effects on biomass and production of secondary metabolites by Hypericum perforatum. In: 2007 ASAE Annual Meeting, Minneap: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007; doi: 10.13031/2013.24198.
[13] Guiamba H D S S, Zhang X W, Sierka E, Lin K, Ali M M, Ali W M, et al. Enhancement of photosynthesis efficiency and yield of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch). plants via LED systems. Front Plant Sci, 2022; 13: 918038.
[14] Elkins C, van Iersel M W. Longer photoperiods with the same daily light integral increase daily electron transport through photosystem II in Lettuce. Plants, 2020; 9(9): 1172.
[15] Zhang M Z, Whitman C M, Runkle E S. Manipulating growth, color, and taste attributes of fresh cut lettuce by greenhouse supplemental lighting. Sci Hortic, 2019; 252: 274–282.
[16] Paucek I, Pennisi G, Pistillo A, Appolloni E, Crepaldi A, Calegari B, et al. Supplementary LED interlighting improves yield and precocity of greenhouse tomatoes in the mediterranean. Agronomy, 2020; 10(7): 1002.
[17] van Iersel M W, Gianino D. An adaptive control approach for light-emitting diode lights can reduce the energy costs of supplemental lighting in greenhouses. HortScience, 2017; 52(1): 72–77.
[18] Hernández R, Eguchi T, Deveci M, Kubota C. Tomato seedling physiological responses under different percentages of blue and red photon flux ratios using LEDs and cool white fluorescent lamps. Sci Hortic, 2016; 213: 270–280.
[19] Dzombak R, Kasikaralar E, Dillon H E. Exploring cost and environmental implications of optimal technology management strategies in the street lighting industry. Resour Conserv Recycl: X, 2020; 6: 100022.
[20] van Iersel M W, Weaver G, Martin M T, Ferrarezi R S, Mattos E, Haidekker M. A chlorophyll fluorescence-based biofeedback system to control photosynthetic lighting in controlled environment agriculture. J Am Soc Hortic Sci, 2016; 141(2): 169–176.
[21] Pinho P, Hytönen T, Rantanen M, Elomaa P, Halonen L. Dynamic control of supplemental lighting intensity in a greenhouse environment. Light Res Technol, 2013; 45(3): 295–304.
[22] Weaver G M, van Iersel M W, Mohammadpour Velni J. A photochemistry-based method for optimising greenhouse supplemental light intensity. Biosyst Eng, 2019; 182: 123–137.
[23] Su Z Z, Li L, Li W J, Meng F J, Sigrimis N A. Design and experiment on adaptive dimming system for greenhouse tomato based on RF-GSO. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2019; 50(S1): 339–346.
[24] Ji F, Gan P D, Liu N, He D X, Yang P. Effects of LED spectrum and daily light integral on growth and energy use efficiency of tomato seedlings. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020; 36(22): 231–238. (in Chinese)
[25] Lopez R G, Runkle E S. Photosynthetic daily light integral during propagation influences rooting and growth of cuttings and subsequent development of new guinea impatiens and petunia. HortScience, 2008; 43(7): 2052–2059.
[26] Chung H-Y, Chang M-Y, Wu C-C, Fang W. Quantitative evaluation of electric light recipes for red leaf lettuce cultivation in plant factories. HortTechnology, 2018; 28(6): 755–763.
[27] Nakayama M, Nakazawa Y. Effects of environmental control and LED supplemental lighting on strawberry growth and yield in a subtropical climate. Sci Hortic, 2023; 321: 112349.
[28] Albright L D, Both A-J, Chiu A J. Controlling greenhouse light to a consistent daily integral. Trans ASAE, 2000; 43(2): 421–431.
[29] Halliday K J, Salter M G, Thingnaes E, Whitelam G C. Phytochrome control of flowering is temperature sensitive and correlates with expression of the floral integrator FT. Plant J, 2003; 33(5): 875–885.
[30] Wang L, Li X, Xu M J, Guo Z W, Wang B R. Study on optimization model control method of light and temperature coordination of greenhouse crops with benefit priority. Comput Electron Agric, 2023; 210: 107892.
[31] Wang S Y, Meng X, Tang Z Q, Wu Y, Xiao X M, Zhang G B, et al. Red and blue LED light supplementation in the morning pre-activates the photosynthetic system of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaves and promotes plant growth. Agronomy, 2022; 12(4): 897.
[32] Wei H, Hu J T, Liu C, Wang M Z, Zhao J, Kang D II, et al. Effect of supplementary light source on quality of grafted tomato seedlings and expression of two photosynthetic genes. Agronomy, 2018; 8(10): 207.
[33] Hidaka K, Dan K, Imamura H, Miyoshi Y, Takayama T, Sameshima K, et al. Effect of supplemental lighting from different light sources on growth and yield of strawberry. Environ Control Biol, 2013; 51(1): 41–47.
[34] Bauerle W L, Mccullough C, Iversen M, Hazlett M. Leaf age and position effects on quantum yield and photosynthetic capacity in hemp crowns. Plants, 2020; 9(2): 271.
[35] Wilson K B, Baldocchi D D, Hanson P J. Leaf age affects the seasonal pattern of photosynthetic capacity and net ecosystem exchange of carbon in a deciduous forest. Plant Cell Environ, 2001; 24(6): 571–583.
[36] Bantis F, Smirnakou S, Ouzounis T, Koukounaras A, Ntagkas N, Radoglou K. Current status and recent achievements in the field of horticulture with the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Sci Hortic, 2018; 235: 437–451.
[37] Gao W, He D X, Ji F, Zhang S, Zheng J F. Effects of daily light integral and LED spectrum on growth and nutritional quality of hydroponic spinach. Agronomy, 2020; 10(8): 1082.
[38] Mccall D. Effect of supplementary light on tomato transplant growth, and the after-effects on yield. Scientia Horticulturae, 1992; 51(1-2): 65–70.
[39] Yan Z N, Wang C L, Li Z X, Li X, Cheng F, Lin D, et al. Supplementary white, UV-A, and far-red radiation differentially regulates growth and nutritional qualities of greenhouse lettuce. Plants, 2023; 12(18): 3234.
[40] Liu Y, Ren X X, Jeong B R. Supplementary light source affects growth, metabolism, and physiology of Adenophora triphylla (Thunb.) A. DC. seedlings. BioMed Res Int, 2019; 2019: 6283989.
[41] Jiang N, Yang Z Q, Zhang H Q, Xu J Q, Li C Y. Effect of low temperature on photosynthetic physiological activity of different photoperiod types of strawberry seedlings and stress diagnosis. Agronomy, 2023; 13(5): 1321.
[42] Cui M Y, Pham M D, Hwang H, Chun C. Flower development and fruit malformation in strawberries after short-term exposure to high or low temperature. Sci Hortic, 2021; 288: 110308.
[43] Mao W W, Han Y, Chen Y T, Sun M Z, Feng Q Q, Li L, et al. Low temperature inhibits anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry fruit by activating FvMAPK3-induced phosphorylation of FvMYB10 and degradation of Chalcone Synthase 1. Plant Cell, 2022; 34(4): 1226–1249.
[44] Zhang Z Z, Zhou N B, Xing Z P, Liu B L, Tian J Y, Wei H Y, et al. Effects of temperature and radiation on yield of spring wheat at different latitudes. Agriculture, 2022; 12(5): 627.
[45] Wei H, Wang M Z, Jeong B R. Effect of supplementary lighting duration on growth and activity of antioxidant enzymes in grafted watermelon seedlings. Agronomy, 2020; 10(3): 337.
[46] Elkins C, van Iersel M W. Longer photoperiods with the same daily light integral improve growth of rudbeckia seedlings in a greenhouse. HortScience, 2020; 55(10): 1676–1682.
[47] Wang S Y, Jin N, Jin L, Xiao X M, Hu L L, Liu Z C, et al. Response of tomato fruit quality depends on period of led supplementary light. Frontiers in nutrition, 2022; 9: 833723.
[48] Bastías A, López‐Climent M, Valcárcel M, Rosello S, Gómez‐Cadenas A, Casaretto J A. Modulation of organic acids and sugar content in tomato fruits by an abscisic acid‐regulated transcription factor. Physiol Plant, 2011; 141(3): 215–226.
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2024-11-08
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Yang, R., Qiu, C., Zheng, J., Ji, F., He, D., & Yang, P. (2024). LED supplementary strategy based on hourly light integral for improving the yield and quality of greenhouse strawberries. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 17(5), 96–104. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/8900
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Animal, Plant and Facility Systems
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