Research and test of the measurement sensing device for the downforce of no-till planter row unit gauge wheels
Keywords:
no-till planter, gauge wheels downforce, two-dimensional radial force sensing device, strain analysis, measurement mode and methodAbstract
To effectively obtain the downforce of the gauge wheels in real time, mechanical models of the interaction among the ground, gauge wheels, gauge wheel arms, and depth adjustment lever were constructed. A measuring method was proposed for monitoring the downforce through a two-dimensional radial sensing device, and a corresponding prototype was designed. Through simulation analysis of the sensing device with ANSYS, a 45° angle was determined to exist between the strain gauge axis and the sensing device axis, and the Wheatstone bridging circuit of R1+R3−R5−R7 (R stands for resistance strain gauge, different figures represent the strain gauge number) and R2+R4−R6−R8 was adopted. According to performance and calibration tests for the sensing device, the maximum interaction effect between the X and Y axes was 2.52%, and the output signal was stable and consistent. The standard error of the slope of the fitting equation of the downforce calculation model is 0.008. According to the field test, the average downforce of the gauge wheels was 1148, 1017, 843, and 713 N, at different sowing speeds of 6, 8, 10, and 12 km/h, respectively. The coefficients of variation were 0.40, 0.41, 0.62, and 0.71, respectively. The results indicate that the downforce fluctuation of the gauge wheels became more severe with increasing planting speed. Both the strain simulation analysis and field test verified that the measurement method is accurate and reliable, the performance of the sensing device is stable, the measurement method and sensing device meet the application requirements and lay a foundation for the research of accurate and stable control of downforce of no-till planter. Key words: no-till planter; gauge wheel downforce; two-dimensional radial force sensing device; strain analysis; measurement mode and method DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20241703.8484 Citation: Shang J J, Liu L Y, Zhang R F, Li H C, Hou S Y, Liu H X, et al. Research and test of the measurement sensing device for the downforce of no-till planter row unit gauge wheels. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2024; 17(2): 250–259.References
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[2] Li B S, Tan Y, Chen J, Liu X X. Precise active seeding downforce control system based on fuzzy PID. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2020; 2020(7): 1–10.
[3] Du Z H, He X T, Yang L, Zhang D X, Cui T, Zhong X J. Research progress on precision variable-rate seeding technology and equipment for maize. Transactions of the CSAE, 2023; 39(9): 1–16. (in Chinese)
[4] Wang Q J, Cao X P, Wang C, Li H W, He J, Lu C Y. Research progress of No /Minimum tillage corn seeding technology and machine in Northeast Black Land of China. Transactions of the CSAM, 2021; 52(10): 1–15. (in Chinese)
[5] Sharipov G M, Paraforos D S, Pulatov A S, Griepentrog H W. Dynamic performance of a no-till seeding assembly. Biosystems Engineering, 2017; 158: 64–75.
[6] He J, Li H W, Chen H T, Lu C Y, Wang Q J. Research progress of conservation tillage technology and machine. Transactions of the CSAM, 2018; 49(4): 1–19. (in Chinese)
[7] Zhang X R, Li H W, Jin H, Rasaily R G. Design and experiment of the throwing stubble and renovating the bed type no-till planter for wheat. International Agricultural Engineering Journal, 2011; 20(2): 66–70.
[8] Poncet A M, Fulton J P, Mcdonald T P, Knappenberger T, Shaw J N. Corn emergence and yield response to row-unit depth and downforce for varying field conditions. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2019; 35(3): 399–408.
[9] Drewry J L, Arriaga F J, Luck B D. Closing wheel type and row unit downforce can affect corn germination in no‐tillage production systems. Agronomy Journal, 2021; 113(5): 4037–4046.
[10] Li M W, Xia X M, Zhu L T, Zhou R Y, Huang D Y. Intelligent sowing depth regulation system based on flex sensor and Mamdani fuzzy model for a no-till planter. Int J Agric and Biol Eng, 2021; 14(6): 145–152.
[11] Yue L J, Wen T, Yang Q, Li Z, Li Q, Liu Y H. Effects of different sowing depths on seeding emergence of maize. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2012; 20(5): 88–93. (in Chinese)
[12] Gao Y Y, Zhai C Y, Yang S, Zhao X G, Wang X, Zhao C J. Development of CAN based downforce and sowing depth monitoring and evaluation system for precision planter. Transactions of CSAM, 2020; 51(6): 15–28. (in Chinese)
[13] Xue B, Zhou L M, Niu K, Zheng Y K, Bai S H, Wei L A. Sowing depth control system of wheat planter based on adaptive fuzzy PID. Transactions of CSAM, 2023; 54(S1): 93–102. (in Chinese)
[14] Sun J Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y T, Li P Z, Teng G F. Precision seeding compensation and positioning based on multisensors. Sensors, 2022; 22(19): 7228.
[15] Liu W, Hu J P, Zhao X S, Pan H R, Lakhiar I A, Wang W, et al. Development and experimental analysis of a seeding quantity sensor for the precision seeding of small seeds. Sensors, 2019; 19(23): 5191.
[16] Cay A, Kocabiyik H, May S. Development of an electro-mechanic control system for seed metering unit of single seed corn planters part II: Field performance. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2018; 145: 11–17.
[17] Maleki M R, Ramon H, De Baerdemaeker J, Mouazen A M. A study on the time response of a soil sensor based variable rate granular fertiliser applicator. Biosystems Engineering, 2008; 100(2): 160–166.
[18] Zhou L M, Ma M, Yuan Y W, Zhang J N, Dong X, Wei C F. Design and test of fertilizer mass monitoring system based on capacitance method. Transactions of the CSAE, 2017; 33(24): 44–51. (in Chinese)
[19] Alameen A A, Gaadi K A, Tola E. Development and performance evaluation of a control system for variable rate granular fertilizer application. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2019; 160: 31–39.
[20] Lima M C F, Krus A, Valero C, Barrientos A, del Cerro J, Roldán-Gómez J J. Monitoring plant status and fertilization strategy through multispectral images. Sensors, 2020; 20(2): 435.
[21] Huang D Y, Zhu L T, Jia H L, Yu T T. Automatic control system of seeding depth based on piezoelectric film for no-till planter. Transactions of the CSAM, 2015; 46(4): 1–8. (in Chinese)
[22] Jia H L, Zhu L T, Huang D Y, Wang Q, Li M W, Zhao J L. Automatic control system of sowing depth for no-tillage planter based on flex sensor. Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition), 2019; 49(1): 166–175. (in Chinese)
[23] Zhu L T. Research on automatic control system of sowing depth for no-till planter. Master’s dissertation. Changchun: Jilin Agricultural University, 2017; 51p. (in Chinese)
[24] Li Y H, Meng P X, Geng D Y, He K, Meng F H, Jiang M. Intelligent system for adjusting and controlling corn seeding depth. Transactions of CSAM, 2016; 47(S1): 62–68, 42. (in Chinese)
[25] Lynn D J, Chris N, James P L. Depth control device for planting implement. US006701857B1, 2004.
[26] Jing H, Zhang D, Wang Y, Yang L, Fan C, Zhao H, et al. Development and performance evaluation of an electro-hydraulic downforce control system for planter row unit. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2020; 172: 105073.
[27] Paul R R, Elijah B G, Nathan A M, Lee E Z. Row unit for a seeding machine having active downforce control for the closing wheels. CN102726148A, 2012.
[28] Precision Planting LLC. Dynamic supplemental downforce control system for planter row units. US20180132414A1, 2018.
[29] Bai H J, Fang X F, Wang D C, Yuan Y W, Zhou L M, Niu K. Design and test of control system for seeding depth and compaction of corn precision planter. Transactions of CSAM, 2020; 51(9): 61–72. (in Chinese)
[30] Fu W Q, Dong J J, Mei H B, Gao N N, Lu C Y, Zhang J X. Design and test of maize seeding unit downforce control system. Transactions of CSAM, 2018; 49(6): 68–77. (in Chinese)
[31] Gao Y Y, Zhai C Y, Yang S, Zhao X G, Wang X, Zhao C J. Measurement method and mathematical model for the seeding downforce of planter row unit. Transactions of CSAE, 2020; 36(5): 1–9. (in Chinese)
[32] Wang Y L. Mechanics of materials 3rd ed. Beijing: China Machine Press, China, 2017; pp.50–53. (in Chinese)
[33] Sandmeyer Stell Company. Available:https://www.sandmeyersteel.com/17-4PH.html. Accessed on [2023-06-10].
[34] Al-Dahiree O S, Tokhi M O, Hadi N H, Hmoad N R, Ghazilla R A, Yap H J, et al. Design and shape optimization of strain gauge load cell for axial force measurement for test benches. Sensors, 2022; 22(19): 7508.
[35] Marchant B P. Time-frequency analysis for biosystems engineering. Biosystems Engineering, 2003; 85(3): 261–281.
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Published
2024-05-21
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Shang, J., Liu, L., Zhang, R., Li, H., Hou, S., Liu, H., & Chen, H. (2024). Research and test of the measurement sensing device for the downforce of no-till planter row unit gauge wheels. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 17(2), 250–259. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/8484
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