Separation of shelled walnut particles using pneumatic method
Keywords:
pneumatic, separation of kernel and shell, terminal velocity, walnut, postharvest, shelled walnut, Persian walnutAbstract
Separation of shelled walnut particles was studied on two varieties of Persian walnut, Poost-Kaghazi and Poost-Sangi using pneumatic method. The moisture contents of the samples were determined. The particles were considered in three categories of shell, kernel and shell-kernel together. Each category was manually classified based on their size, in three portions of 1/8, 1/4, and 1/2, as well as the whole kernel and whole walnut. The terminal velocity of each group was determined. The shelled walnuts were sieved and classified in three groups of small, medium and large. The effects of separation time (5, 10 and 15 seconds), feeding value (50 to 80 gr) and air velocity on separation of the kernels and shells were studied for both varieties. The interaction effects were also studied for three walnut sizes (small, medium and large). The terminal velocity was the highest for the whole walnut and the whole kernel while it was lowest for 1/4 and 1/8 of the shell. The best separation was performed at air velocities of 9.20, 10.04 and 10.94 m/s with 98.2%, 98.9% and 98.2%, respectively.References
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[2] Christopoulos M V, Tsantili E. Storage of fresh walnuts (Juglans regia L.) - Low temperature and phenolic compounds. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2012; 73: 80-88.
[3] Wang S, Ikediala J N, Tang J, Hansen J D, Mitcham E, Mao R, et al. Radio frequency treatments to control codling moth in in-shell walnuts. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2001; 22: 29-38.
[4] Khalifahamzehghasem S, Komarizadeh M H, Askari M. Recognition of filled walnuts and empty walnuts using acoustic signal processing. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2012; 5(3): 44-49.
[5] Rodriguez V L, Rodriguez R R. Method for magnetically separating nut shells from nut meat. US patent, No: 4504505, 1985.
[6] Jin F, Qin L, Jiang L, Zhu B, Tao Y. Novel separation method of black walnut meat from shell using invariant features and a supervised self-organizing map. Journal of Food Engineering, 2008; 88: 75-85.
[7] Khir R, Pan Z, Atungulu G G, Thompson, J F. Characterization of physical and aerodynamic properties of walnuts. ASABE annual international meeting, Paper No. 12-1338051, August 2012.
[8] Ebrahimi A, Zarei A, Fatahi R, Ghasemi Varnamkhasti M. Study on some morphological and physical attributes of walnut used in mass models. Scientia Horticulturae, 2009; 121(4): 490-494.
[9] Jiang L, Zhu B, Rao X Q, Berney G, Tao Y. Discrimination of black walnut shell and pulp in hyper spectral fluorescence imagery using Gaussian kernel function approach. Journal of Food Engineering, 2007; 81: 108-117.
[10] Krishnan P, Berlage A G. Separation of shells from walnut meats using magnetic methods. Transactions of the ASABE, 1984; 27(6): 1990-1992.
[11] Romberg F B. Process and apparatus for separating nutmeat and shells. US patent, No. 2216050, 1938.
[12] Dry separations for the processing industry. Technical paper, Dallas, TX, Accessed on 25-11-2009. (www.sssdynamics.com).
[13] Baryeh E A. Physical properties of bambara groundnuts. Journal of Food Engineering, 2001; 47(4): 321-326.
[14] eyfi A B, Arabhosseini A, Chegini G H, et al. Design and construction of a walnut processing line. M.Sc. Thesis, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, 2012 (In Persian).
[15] Tang J, Sokhansanj S, Sosulski F. Determination of the breakage susceptibility of lentil seeds. American Association of Cereal Chemists, 1991; 68(6): 647-650.
[16] Mohsenin N N. Physical properties of plant and animal
materials. 4th Ed. New York, 1996.
[17] Ozdemir F, Akinci I. Physical and nutritional properties of four major commercial Turkish hazelnut varieties. Journal of Food Engineering, 2004; 63(3): 341-347.
[18] Mitchama E J, Veltman R H, Feng X. Application of radio frequency treatments to control insects in in-shell walnuts. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2004; 33: 93-100.
[19] Gupta R K, Arora G, Sharma R. Aerodynamic properties of sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus L.). Journal of Food Engineering, 2007; 79: 899-904.
[20] Altuntas E, Erkol M. Physical properties of shelled and kernel walnuts as affected by the moisture content. Czech Journal of Food Science, 2010; 28(6): 547-556.
[21] Pandyaa T S, Srinivasana R, Johnsonb J K. Operating air velocities for fiber separation from corn flour using the Elusieve process. Industrial Crops and Products, 2013; 45: 100-105.
[22] Escudero D, Heindel T J. Bed height and material density effects on fluidized bed hydrodynamics. Chemical Engineering Science, 2011; 66: 3648-3655.
[23] Zewdu A D. Aerodynamic properties of teff grain and straw material. Biosystems Engineering, 2007; 98: 304-309.
[24] Gupta R K, Das S K. Physical properties of sunflower seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1997; 66: 1-8.
[25] Carman K. Some physical properties of lentil seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1996; 63: 87-92.
[26] Gezer I, Haciseferogullar H, Demir F. Some physical properties of Hacıhaliloglu apricot pit and its kernel. Journal of Food Engineering, 2002; 56: 49-57.
[27] Kashaninejad M, Mortazavi A, Safekordi A, Tabil L G. Some physical properties of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) nut and its kernel. Journal of Food Engineering, 2006; 72: 30-38.
[28] Aydin C. Physical properties of almond nut and kernel. Journal of Food Engineering. 2003, 60: 315-320.
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Published
2013-09-22
How to Cite
Nahal, A. M., Arabhosseini, A., & Kianmehr, M. H. (2013). Separation of shelled walnut particles using pneumatic method. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 6(3), 88–93. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/740
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Agro-product and Food Processing Systems
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