Effect of soil surface roughness on emergence rate and yield of mechanized direct-seeded rapeseed based on 3D laser scanning
Keywords:
mechanized direct-seeder, soil surface roughness, rapeseed, seed emergence rate, yieldAbstract
The quality of seedbed after sowing such as soil surface roughness is one of the key factors affecting the seedling emergence of rapeseed, which ultimately affected crop yield. However, the effect of soil surface roughness on seedling emergence and yield of rapeseed is still unclear. In this study, field experiments at the experimental site of Jianli and Shayang were carried out. Three treatments were designed: relative slow (M1), medium (M2), and fast (M3) forward speed of the unit. Soil surface roughness measured by a 3D laser scanner, seed quantity of the seeder, emergence rate and yield of rapeseed were determined to investigate the soil surface roughness effect on emergence rate and yield of rapeseed. The results showed that as the forward speed of the unit increased, the compartment surface became rougher. Compared with the M1 and M2 treatments, soil surface roughness under the M3 treatment increased by 36.5% and 9.8%, respectively. The actual seed quantity of the seeder under different treatments ranged from 3806.56 to 4158.18 g/hm2. The average error rate of the actual and theoretical seed quantity was less than 5%, which met the operational quality requirements for seeding rapeseed crops. As the forward speed of the unit increased, the actual seed quantity of the seeder gradually increased while the emergence rate and yield of rapeseed decreased. The seed quantity under the M3 treatment increased by 6.9% and 4.7%, while the emergence rate of rapeseed decreased by 3.3% and 2.0%, and the yield decreased by 23.2% and 13.1%, compared with the M1 and M2 treatments, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that emergence rate and yield of rapeseed were negatively influenced by soil surface roughness. Considering rapeseed emergence rate, seed yield, and economic benefits, the M1 treatment was recommended. But considering the factor that the M1 treatment may reduce the unit operation efficiency, and thus resulting in lower cost of production, M2 could be recommended in actual farming. The results of this study laid a theoretical foundation for analyzing the relationship between the seedbed surface quality and seedling emergence and yield. Keywords: mechanized direct-seeder, soil surface roughness, rapeseed, seed emergence rate, yield DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231603.7276 Citation: Chen H, Gao L P, Li M C, Liao Y T, Liao Q X. Influences of soil surface roughness on emergence rate and yield of mechanized direct-seeded rapeseed based on 3D laser scanning. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(3): 110–119.References
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[2] Li X Y, Zuo Q S, Chang H B, Bai G P, Kuai J, Zhou G S. Higher density planting benefits mechanical harvesting of rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin of China. Field Crops Research, 2018; 218: 97-105.
[3] Hu Q, Hua W, Yin Y, Zhang X K, Liu L J, Shi J Q, et al. Rapeseed research and production in China. The Crop Journal, 2017; 5(2): 127-135.
[4] Wang R, Cheng T, Hu L Y. Effect of wide-narrow row arrangement and plant density on yield and radiation use efficiency of mechanized direct-seeded canola in Central China. Field Crops Research, 2015; 172: 42-52.
[5] Braunack M V, Zaja A, Tan K, Filipović L, Filipović V, Wang Y, et al. A Sprayable Biodegradable Polymer Membrane (SBPM) technology: Effect of band width and application rate on water conservation and seedling emergence. Agricultural Water Management, 2020; 230: 105900. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105900
[6] Zuo Q S, Kuai J, Zhao L, Hu Z, Wu J S, Zhou G S. The effect of sowing depth and soil compaction on the growth and yield of rapeseed in rice straw returning field. Field Crops Research, 2017; 203: 47-54.
[7] Liu L C, Zhang Q S, Xiao W L, Wei G L, Gao L P, Liao Q X. Measurement and analysis of surface roughness of rapeseed mechanized direct seeding operation. Transactions of the CSAE, 2019, 35(12): 38-47. (in Chinese)
[8] Li L, Nearing M A, Nichols M H, Polyakov V O, Guertin P D, Cavanaugh M L. The effects of DEM interpolation on quantifying soil surface roughness using terrestrial LiDAR. Soil and Tillage Research, 2020; 198: 104520. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2019.104520
[9] Mombini A, Amanian N, Talebi A, Kiani-Harchegani M, Rodrigo-Comino J. Surface roughness effects on soil loss rate in complex hillslopes under laboratory conditions. CATENA, 2021; 206: 105503. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2021.105503
[10] Liu X P, Zhang Q S, Xiao W L, Ma L, Liu L C, Liao Q X. Design and experiment on symmetrical driven disc plows combined tillage machine for rice-rapeseed rotation area. Transactions of the CSAM, 2017; 48(12): 33-41. (in Chinese)
[11] Gilliot J M, Vaudour E, Michelin J. Soil surface roughness measurement: A new fully automatic photogrammetric approach applied to agricultural bare fields. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2017; 134: 63-78.
[12] Eitel J U H, Williams C J, Vierling L A, Ai-Hamdan O Z, Pierson F B. Suitability of terrestrial laser scanning for studying surface roughness effects on concentrated flow erosion processes in rangelands. CATENA, 2011; 87: 398-407.
[13] Li S, Li Q Q, Chen J, Han Y. Application of 3D laser image scanning technology and cellular automata model in the prediction of the dynamic process of rill erosion. Remote Sensing, 2021; 13: 2586. doi: 10.3390/rs13132586
[14] Zheng X M, Feng Z Z, Li L, Li B Z, Jiang T, Li X J, et al. Simultaneously estimating surface soil moisture and roughness of bare soils by combining optical and radar data. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2021; 100: 102345. doi: 10.1016/j.jag.2021.102345
[15] Liao Y T, Qi T X, Liao Q X, Zeng R, Li C L, Gao L P. Vibration characteristics of pneumatic combined precision rapeseed seeder and its effect on seeding performance. Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition), 2022; 52(5): 1184-1196. (in Chinese)
[16] Adams T, Bruton R, Ruiz H, Barrios-Perez I, Selvaraj M G, Hays D B. Prediction of aboveground biomass of three cassava (Manihot esculenta) genotypes using a terrestrial laser scanner. Remote Sensing, 2021; 13: 1272. doi: 10.3390/rs13071272
[17] Li B F. Agricultural Mechanics. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2003; 48-85. (in Chinese)
[18] Xia J F, Zhou H, Zhang C L. Evaluation of straw spatial distribution after straw incorporation into soil for different tillage tools. Soil and Tillage Research, 2020; 196: 104440. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2019.104440
[19] Kheiralla A F, Yahya A, Zohadie M, Ishak W. Modelling of power and energy requirements for tillage implements operating in Serdang sandy clay loam, Malaysia. Soil and Tillage Research, 2004; 78(1): 21-34.
[20] Zhang Q S, Ji W F, Liao Y T, Liao Q X. Surface analysis and resistance characteristics experiment on ditch plow ahead of direct rapeseed seeder. Transactions of the CSAM, 2014; 45(2): 130-135. (in Chinese)
[21] Xing H, Zhang G Z, Han Y H, Gao Y, Zha X T. Development and experiment of double cavity pneumatic rice precision direct seeder. Transactions of the CSAE, 2020; 36(24): 29-37. (in Chinese)
[22] Xia L M, Geng D Y, Wang X Y. Structure parameters optimization and performance experiment for planetary geared anti-sliding ground wheel. Transactions of the CSAE, 2012; 28(10): 53-58. (in Chinese)
[23] NY/T 2709-2015. Operate quality for rape seeders. (in Chinese)
[24] Dürr C, Aubertot J N, Richard G, Dubrulle P, Duval Y. SIMPLE: A model for SIMulation of PLant emergence predicting the effects of soil tillage and sowing operations. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2001; 65: 414-423.
[25] Yang S, Liao Q X, Chen L, He D L. Distribution of rapeseed sowed by 2BFQ-6 precision planter. Transactions of the CSAE, 2011; 27(12): 23-28. (in Chinese)
[26] Liu Q X, Ren T, Zhang Y W, Li X K, Cong R H, Liu S S, et al. Evaluating the application of controlled release urea for oilseed rape on Brassica napus in a regional scale: The optimal usage, yield and nitrogen use efficiency responses. Industrial Crops & Products, 2019; 140: 111560. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111560
[27] Chen H, Gao L P, Liao Q X, Zhang Q S, Xiao W L, Wei G L, et al. Effects of reduced and deep fertilizer on soil N2O emission and yield of winter rapeseed. Transactions of the CSAE, 2020; 36(21): 80-87. (in Chinese)
[28] Gu X B, Li Y N, Du Y D. Optimized nitrogen fertilizer application improves yield, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of winter rapeseed cultivated under continuous ridges with film mulching. Industrial Crops & Products, 2017; 109: 233-240.
[29] Kang L Y, Yue S C, Li S Q. Effects of phosphorus application in different soil layers on root growth, yield, and water-use efficiency of winter wheat grown under semi-arid conditions. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2014; 13(9): 2028-2039.
[30] Rondanini D P, Menendez Y C, Gomez N V, Miralles D J, Botto J F. Vegetative plasticity and floral branching compensate low plant density in modern spring rapeseed. Field Crops Research, 2017; 210: 104-113.
[31] Freiling M, Von Tucher S, Schmidhalter U. Factors influencing phosphorus placement and effects on yield and yield parameters: A meta-analysis. Soil and Tillage Research, 2022; 216: 105257. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2021.105257
[32] Qiang S C, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Fan J L, Zhang F C, Sun M, et al. Combined effects of urea type and placement depth on grain yield, water productivity and nitrogen use efficiency of rain-fed spring maize in northern China. Agricultural Water Management, 2022; 262: 107442. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107442.
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Published
2023-08-17
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Chen, H., Gao, L., Li, M., Liao, Y., & Liao, Q. (2023). Effect of soil surface roughness on emergence rate and yield of mechanized direct-seeded rapeseed based on 3D laser scanning. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 16(3), 110–119. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/7276
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Power and Machinery Systems
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