Detection of apple firmness with a novel loudspeaker-based excitation device
Keywords:
fruit firmness, excitation device, structural parameters, vibration parametersAbstract
Firmness is one of the important indices to evaluate the internal quality of fruit. In this study, a noncontact loudspeaker-based detection system was developed to evaluate apple firmness. The structural parameters of the excitation device were modified in the single-factor experiments, and the best combination of structural parameters was that the inner diameter of the gasket was 40 mm; the distance between fruit surface and loudspeaker was 95 mm. Besides, the proper posture style was that the apple was placed with its stem upward. After the modification of the Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) method, the vibration response signals of 48 apples were measured to establish the firmness prediction model. The results showed that the better prediction performance of stiffness was obtained in multiple models. The Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) model had the best prediction performance by using parameters of elasticity index (EI), the peak value at the second resonance frequency f2(A2), and peak area S, with a correlation coefficient of prediction (rp) of 0.914; root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.491 N/mm. Therefore, the proposed detection system is feasible to nondestructively detect apple firmness, which has the potential to be applied in online detection. Keywords: fruit firmness, excitation device, structural parameters, vibration parameters DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20221501.7028 Citation: Ding C Q, Wang D C, Feng Z, Cui D. Detection of apple firmness with a novel loudspeaker-based excitation device. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2022; 15(1): 260–266.References
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[23] Liu Y, Sun X, Ouyang A G. Nondestructive measurement of soluble solid content of navel orange fruit by visible-NIR spectrometric technique with PLSR and PCA-BPNN. Food Science and Technology, 2010; 43(4): 602–607.
[2] Pozrl T, Znidarcic D, Kopjar M, Hribar J, Simcic M. Change of textural properties of tomatoes due to storage and storage temperatures. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 2010; 8(2): 292–296.
[3] Tilahun S, Choi H, Park D, Lee Y, Choi J, Baek M, et al. Ripening quality of kiwifruit cultivars is affected by harvest time. Scientia Horticulturae, 2019; 261: 108936. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108936.
[4] Ding C, Wu H, Feng Z, Li W, Cui D. Online assessment of pear firmness by acoustic vibration analysis. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2020; 160: 111042. doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2019.111042.
[5] Kim M, Duizer L, Grygorczyk A. Application of a Texture Analyzer friction rig to evaluate complex texture attributes in apples. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2022; 186: 111820. doi: 10.1016/ j.postharvbio.2021.111820.
[6] Fathizadeh Z, Aboonajmi M, Beygi S. Nondestructive firmness prediction of apple fruit using acoustic vibration response. Scientia Horticulturae, 2020; 262: 109073. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2019.109073.
[7] Ma T, Xia Y, Inagaki T, Tsuchikawa S. Rapid and nondestructive evaluation of soluble solids content (SSC) and firmness in apple using Vis–NIR spatially resolved spectroscopy. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2021; 173: 111417. doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111417.
[8] Liu M, Li J, Zong W, Sun W, Mo W, Li S. Comparison of calcium and ultrasonic treatment on fruit firmness, pectin composition and cell wall-related enzymes of postharvest apricot during storage. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2021; 1: 1–10.
[9] Choe U, Kang H, Ham J, Ri K, Choe U. Maturity assessment of watermelon by acoustic method. Scientia Horticulturae, 2022; 293:110735. doi: 10.1007/s13197-021-05170-w.
[10] Zhang W, Lyu Z, Shi B, Xu Z, Zhang L. Evaluation of quality changes and elasticity index of kiwifruit in shelf life by a nondestructive acoustic vibration method. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2021; 173: 111398. doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111398.
[11] Zhang H, Wu J, Zhao Z, Wang Z. Nondestructive firmness measurement of differently shaped pears with a dual-frequency index based on acoustic vibration. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2018; 138: 11–18.
[12] Zhang W, Lyu Z, Xiong S. Nondestructive quality evaluation of agro-products using acoustic vibration methods—A review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2018; 58(14): 2386–2397.
[13] Mayorga-Martinez A, Olvera-Trejo D, Elias-Zuniga A, Parra-Saldivar R, Chuck-Hernandez C. Non-destructive assessment of guava (Psidium guajava L.) maturity and firmness based on mechanical vibration response. Food Bioprocess Technology, 2016; 9(9): 1471–1480.
[14] Fumuro M, Sakurai N, Utsunomiya N. Improved accuracy in determining optimal harvest time for pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) using the elasticity index. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 2013; 82(4): 354–361.
[15] Kataoka H, Ijiri T, White J, Hirabayashi A. Acoustic probing to estimate freshness of tomato. Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, 2016; pp.1–5. doi: 10.1109/APSIPA.2016.7820777.
[16] Abbaszadeh R, Moosavian A, Rajabipour A, Najafi G. An intelligent procedure for watermelon ripeness detection based on vibration signals. Journal of Food Science and Technology-Mysore, 2015; 52(2): 1075–1081.
[17] Muramatsu N, Tanaka K, Asakura T, Ishikawa-Takano Y, Sakurai N, Wada N, et al. Critical comparison of an accelerometer and a laser Doppler vibrometer for measuring fruit firmness. HortTechnology, 1997; 7(4): 434–438.
[18] Abbaszadeh R, Rajabipour A, Mahjoob M, Delshad M, Ahmadi H. Evaluation of watermelons texture using their vibration responses. Biosystems Engineering, 2013; 115(1): 102–105.
[19] Zhang W, Cui D, Ying Y. The impulse response method for pear quality evaluation using a laser Doppler vibrometer. Journal of Food Engineering, 2015; 159: 9–15.
[20] Cliff M A, Bejaei M. Inter-correlation of apple firmness determinations and development of cross-validated regression models for prediction of sensory attributes from instrumental and compositional analyses. Food research international, 2018; 106: 752–762.
[21] Wang A, Xie L. Technology using near infrared spectroscopic and multivariate analysis to determine the soluble solids content of citrus fruit. Journal of Food Engineering, 2014; 143(6): 17–24.
[22] Liu C, Liu W, Lu X, Ma F, Chen W, Yang J, et al. Application of multispectral imaging to determine quality attributes and ripeness stage in strawberry fruit. PloS One, 2014; 9(2): e87818. doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0087818.
[23] Liu Y, Sun X, Ouyang A G. Nondestructive measurement of soluble solid content of navel orange fruit by visible-NIR spectrometric technique with PLSR and PCA-BPNN. Food Science and Technology, 2010; 43(4): 602–607.
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Published
2022-02-26
How to Cite
Ding, C., Wang, D., Feng, Z., & Cui, D. (2022). Detection of apple firmness with a novel loudspeaker-based excitation device. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 15(1), 260–266. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/7028
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Agro-product and Food Processing Systems
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