Static and dynamic evaluations of acoustic positioning system using TDMA and FDMA for robots operating in a greenhouse

Authors

  • Lok Wai Jacky Tsay 1. Laboratory of Bio-Sensing Engineering, Division of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
  • Tomoo Shiigi 2. Department of Ocean Mechanical Engineering, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki 759-6595, Japan
  • Xunyue Zhao 1. Laboratory of Bio-Sensing Engineering, Division of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
  • Zichen Huang 1. Laboratory of Bio-Sensing Engineering, Division of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4053-0201
  • Keiichiro Shiraga 1. Laboratory of Bio-Sensing Engineering, Division of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
  • Tetsuhito Suzuki 1. Laboratory of Bio-Sensing Engineering, Division of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
  • Yuichi Ogawa 1. Laboratory of Bio-Sensing Engineering, Division of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
  • Naoshi Kondo 1. Laboratory of Bio-Sensing Engineering, Division of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan

Keywords:

greenhouse robots, positioning system, near-far problem, TDMA, FDMA

Abstract

Acoustic positioning system has great potential to be applied in a greenhouse due to its centimeter-level accuracy, low cost, and ability of extensive greenhouse coverage. Spread Spectrum Sound-based local positioning system (SSSLPS) was proposed to be a navigation tool for multiple agricultural robots by the authors' research team. However, to increase the system capacity for positioning multiple robots in a greenhouse, the near-far problem caused by the interference between speakers needs to be overcome. The use of different access methods, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) or Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), is essential in the SSSLPS system for solving the near-far problem. The static positioning in a greenhouse was first evaluated by setting different parameters to determine the optimal signal setting for a dynamic experiment. From that, the moving robot tests were added with a motion capture system and tested the performance of TDMA and FDMA. The results demonstrated that TDMA can be used in a stationary sound-based positioning system with 12.2 mm accuracy, but it has a time delay problem in dynamic positioning. A simulation was designed to mimic the position error increases with different moving speeds. Although FDMA has the sound damping problem in high-frequency regions creating a peak detection issue, it achieved a higher accuracy with an average position error of 62.1 mm compared to 180.3 mm of TDMA. This study shows that the TDMA method is suitable for static measurements, while the FDMA method is suitable for measuring dynamic objects and controlling mobile robots. Keywords: greenhouse robots, positioning system, near-far problem, TDMA, FDMA DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20221505.6796 Citation: Tsay L W J, Shiigi T, Zhao X Y, Huang Z C, Shiraga K, Suzuki T, et al. Static and dynamic evaluations of acoustic positioning system using TDMA and FDMA for robots operating in a greenhouse. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2022; 15(5): 28–33.

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Published

2022-11-01

How to Cite

Tsay, L. W. J., Shiigi, T., Zhao, X., Huang, Z., Shiraga, K., Suzuki, T., … Kondo, N. (2022). Static and dynamic evaluations of acoustic positioning system using TDMA and FDMA for robots operating in a greenhouse. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 15(5), 28–33. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/6796

Issue

Vol. 15 No. 5 (2022): IJABE

Section

Applied Science, Engineering and Technology

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