Experimental study on lodged corn harvest loss of small harvesters
Keywords:
corn, combine harvester, harvest loss, lodging, small harvester, experimental studyAbstract
The harvesting difficulty caused by corn lodging aggravated the loss of grain, especially in the regions where small harvesters were used as the main force for corn harvesting. An experimental study and analysis of harvest loss of small harvesters on the root lodged corn were made to get the laws of lodged corn harvest loss. The experiment was conducted in different harvesting directions and at a range of harvesting speeds. A 4-row self-propelled corn harvester (JM-4Y), a 2-row crawler type self-propelled corn harvester (JM-2C), and a 2-row crawler-type corn harvester equipped with a spiral auxiliary feeding device for lodged stalks (JM-2CAF) were taken as the research objects and the grain loss per square meter and the ear loss quantity per 30 square meters were taken as the experiment indices. The results showed that the average grain loss masses of the JM-4Y harvester, the JM-2C harvester and the JM-2CAF harvester in different harvesting directions were 101.88g, 285.72 g and 110.20 g, while the average corn ear losses were 10.08, 33.54 and 9.28 pieces. The lowest harvest loss of the JM-4Y harvester appeared when the harvesting was the same as the lodging direction, while the JM-2CAF harvester caused the lowest harvest loss when the harvesting direction was opposite to the lodging direction. The different feeding demands of the ordinary harvester head and the auxiliary feeding devices made the harvesters have different feeding conditions. At different harvesting speeds, the average grain loss mass of the JM-4Y harvester, the JM-2C harvester and the JM-2CAF harvester were 139.06 g, 453.42 g and 236.64 g while the average corn ear loss quantities were 15.12, 52.52 and 34.80 pieces. The JM-4Y harvester had the lowest harvest loss at almost every harvesting speed, and the JM-2CAF harvester only had lower harvest loss when the harvesting speed was lower than 0.8 m/s. The insufficient time to lift and deliver the lodged stalk and the impact between the spiral blades and the stalks were the causes of harvest loss when harvesting speed got higher. This study provides practical and theoretical references for the loss reduction of lodged corn harvesting. Keywords: corn, combine harvester, harvest loss, lodging, small harvester, experimental study DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20221504.6745 Citation: Fu Q K, Fu J, Chen Z, Cui S B, Ren L Q. Experimental study on lodged corn harvest loss of small harvesters. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2022; 15(4): 123–129.References
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[19] Carter P R, Hudelson K D. Influence of simulated wind lodging on corn growth and grain yield. Journal of Production Agriculture, 1988; 1(4): 295–299.
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[21] Berry M, Spink J. Predicting yield losses caused by lodging in wheat . Field Crops Research, 2012; 137: 19–26.
[22] Han D, Yang H, Yang G J, Qiu C X. Monitoring model of maize lodging based on Sentinel-1 radar image. Transactions of the CSAE, 2018; 34(3): 166–172. (in Chinese)
[23] Han L, Yang G J, Feng H K, Zhou C Q, Yang H, Xu B, et al. Quantitative identifification of maize lodging-causing feature factors using unmanned aerial vehicle images and a nomogram computation. Remote Sens, 2018; 10(10): 1528. doi: 10.3390/rs10101528.
[24] Wilke N, Siegmann B, Klingbeil L, Burkart A, Kraska T, Muller O, et al. Quantifying lodging percentage and lodging severity using a UAV-based canopy height model combined with an objective threshold approach. Remote Sens, 2019; 11(5): 515. doi: 10.3390/rs11050515.
[25] Li Z N, Chen Z X, Ren G Y, Li Z C, Wang X. Estimation of maize lodging area based on Worldview-2 image. Transactions of the CSAE, 2016; 32(2): l–5. (in Chinese)
[26] Chauhan S, Darvishzadeh R, Boschetti M, Pepe M, Nelson A. Remote sensing-based crop lodging assessment: Current status and perspectives. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2019; 151: 124–140.
[27] Paulsen M R, de Assis de Carvalho Pinto F, de Sena Jr D G, Zandonadi R S, Ruffato S, et al. Measurement of combine losses for corn and soybeans in Brazil. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2014; 30(6): 841–855.
[28] Yang L, Cui T, Qu Z, Li K H, Yin X W, Han D D, et al. Development and application of mechanized maize harvesters. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2016; 9(3): 15-28.
[29] Xue J, Li L L, Xie R Z, Wang K R, Hou P, Ming B, et al. Effect of lodging on maize grain losing and harvest efficiency in mechanical grain harvest. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018; 44(12): 1774–1781. (in Chinese)
[2] Berry P M. Designing lodging-proof wheat. Aspects Appl Biol, 2004; 72: 177–184.
[3] Minami M, Ujihara A. Effects of lodging on dry matter production, grain yield and nutritional composition at different growth stages in maize (Zea mays L.). Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 2008; 60(1): 107–115.
[4] Shashidharaiah R. Lodging in cereals: A review. Agric Rev, 2008; 29(1): 55–60.
[5] Ci X K, Li M S, Xu J S, Lu Z Y, Bai P F, Ru G L, et al. Trends of grain yield and plant traits in Chinese maize cultivars from the 1950s to the 2000s. Euphytica, 2012; 185(3): 395–406.
[6] Sibale E M, Darrah L L, Zuber M S. Comparison of two rind penetrometers for measurement of stalk strength in maize. Maydica, 1992; 37: 111–114.
[7] Anderson, B, White D G. Evaluation of methods for identification of corn genotypes with stalk rot and lodging resistance. Plant Disease, 1994; 78(6): 590–593.
[8] Stubbs C J, Seegmiller K, McMahan C, Sekhon R S, Robertson D J. Diverse maize hybrids are structurally inefficient at resisting wind induced bending forces that cause stalk lodging. Plant Methods, 2020; 16(1): 67. doi: 10.1186/s13007-020-00608-2.
[9] Xu Z, Lai T Z, Li S, Si D X, Zhang C C, Cui Z L, et al. Promoting potassium allocation to stalk enhances stalk bending resistance of maize (Zea mays L.). Field Crops Research, 2018; 215: 200–206.
[10] Donovan L S, Jui P, Klock M, Nicholls C F. An improved method of measuring root strength in corn (Zea mays L.). Canadian Journal of Plant
Science, 1982; 62(1): 223–227.
[11] Wen W L, Gu S H, Xiao B X, Wang C Y, Guo X Y. In situ evaluation of stalk lodging resistance for diferent maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars using a mobile wind machine. Plant Methods, 2019; 15(1): 96. doi: 10.1186/s13007-019-0481-1.
[12] Robertson D J, Lee S Y, Julias M, Cook D D. Maize stalk lodging: Flexural stiffness predicts strength. Crop Science, 2016; 56: 1711–1718.
[13] Cook D D, Chapelle W, Lin T C, Lee S Y, Sun W, Robertson D J. DARLING: a device for assessing resistance to lodging in grain crops. Plant Methods, 2019; 15: 102.
[14] Guo Q Q, Chen R P, Sun X Q, Jiang M, Sun H F, et al. A non-destructive and direction-insensitive method using a strain sensor and two single axis angle sensors for evaluating corn stalk lodging resistance. Sensors, 2018; 18: 1852.
[15] Guo Q Q, Chen R P, Ma L Z, Sun H F, Weng M M, et al. Classifification of corn stalk lodging resistance using equivalent forces combined with SVD algorithm. Appl Sci, 2019; 9(4): 640. doi: 10.3390/app9040640.
[16] Allcroft D J, Glasbey C A. Analysis of crop lodging using a latent variable model. J Agric Sci, 2003; 140: 383–393.
[17] Brune P F, Baumgarten A, McKay S J, Technow F, Podhiny J J. A biomechanical model for maize root lodging. Plant Soil, 2018; 422: 397–408.
[18] Martinez-Vazquez P. Crop lodging induced by wind and rain. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2016; 228–229: 265–275.
[19] Carter P R, Hudelson K D. Influence of simulated wind lodging on corn growth and grain yield. Journal of Production Agriculture, 1988; 1(4): 295–299.
[20] Xue J, Ming B, Wang K R, Xie R Z, Hou P, Li S K. Device for determining critical wind speed of stalk breaking to evaluate maize lodging resistance. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(5): 1–7.
[21] Berry M, Spink J. Predicting yield losses caused by lodging in wheat . Field Crops Research, 2012; 137: 19–26.
[22] Han D, Yang H, Yang G J, Qiu C X. Monitoring model of maize lodging based on Sentinel-1 radar image. Transactions of the CSAE, 2018; 34(3): 166–172. (in Chinese)
[23] Han L, Yang G J, Feng H K, Zhou C Q, Yang H, Xu B, et al. Quantitative identifification of maize lodging-causing feature factors using unmanned aerial vehicle images and a nomogram computation. Remote Sens, 2018; 10(10): 1528. doi: 10.3390/rs10101528.
[24] Wilke N, Siegmann B, Klingbeil L, Burkart A, Kraska T, Muller O, et al. Quantifying lodging percentage and lodging severity using a UAV-based canopy height model combined with an objective threshold approach. Remote Sens, 2019; 11(5): 515. doi: 10.3390/rs11050515.
[25] Li Z N, Chen Z X, Ren G Y, Li Z C, Wang X. Estimation of maize lodging area based on Worldview-2 image. Transactions of the CSAE, 2016; 32(2): l–5. (in Chinese)
[26] Chauhan S, Darvishzadeh R, Boschetti M, Pepe M, Nelson A. Remote sensing-based crop lodging assessment: Current status and perspectives. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2019; 151: 124–140.
[27] Paulsen M R, de Assis de Carvalho Pinto F, de Sena Jr D G, Zandonadi R S, Ruffato S, et al. Measurement of combine losses for corn and soybeans in Brazil. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2014; 30(6): 841–855.
[28] Yang L, Cui T, Qu Z, Li K H, Yin X W, Han D D, et al. Development and application of mechanized maize harvesters. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2016; 9(3): 15-28.
[29] Xue J, Li L L, Xie R Z, Wang K R, Hou P, Ming B, et al. Effect of lodging on maize grain losing and harvest efficiency in mechanical grain harvest. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018; 44(12): 1774–1781. (in Chinese)
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Published
2022-09-04
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Fu, Q., Fu, J., Chen, Z., Cui, S., & Ren, L. (2022). Experimental study on lodged corn harvest loss of small harvesters. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 15(4), 123–129. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/6745
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Power and Machinery Systems
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