Effects of cutter parameters on shearing stress for lettuce harvesting using a specially developed fixture
Keywords:
Lactuca sativa, hydroponic lettuce, cutting, optimization, response surface method, micro-structureAbstract
To investigate the optimal parameters combination of reciprocating cutter for harvesting hydroponic lettuce automatically, a shear fixture was designed for cutting lettuce stems on a universal materials tester. Effects of blade distance, sliding cutting angle, skew cutting angle, and shearing angle on shearing stress were investigated in this study. The orders of the significance of a single factor and double factors were analyzed using the response surface methodology (RSM). A scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure of the lettuce stem to analyze the shearing characteristics at the microscopic level. The RSM results showed that the order of significance for single factors was (i) sliding cutting angle, (ii) shearing angle, (iii) skew cutting angle, and (iv) blade distance. The sliding cutting angle had a highly significant influence on the shearing stress. The order of significance for double factors was (i) blade distance and shearing angle, (ii) sliding cutting angle and skew cutting angle, and (iii) the sliding cutting angle and shearing angle. A quadratic model of the factors and shearing stress was built according to the response-surface results. The optimized combination of factors that gives the minimum shearing stress was observed that it reduced 69.9% of the maximum shearing stress value. This research can provide a reference for designing lettuce-cutting devices. Keywords: Lactuca sativa, hydroponic lettuce, cutting, optimization, response surface method, micro-structure DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211404.6346 Citation: Cui Y J, Wang W Q, Wang M H, Ma Y D, Fu L S. Effects of cutter parameters on shearing stress for lettuce harvesting using a specially developed fixture. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(4): 152–158.References
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[25] Uchida T, Yamano T, Miyazaki H. Development on automatic harvesting system for leaf vegetables. Shokubutsu Kojo Gakkaishi, 1994; 6(3): 197–202. (in Japanese)
[26] Ghahraei O, Ahmad D, Khalina A, Suryanto H, Othman J. Cutting tests of kenaf stems. Transactions of the ASABE, 2011; 54(1): 51–56.
[27] Chen Y, Gratton J L, Liu J. Power requirements of hemp cutting and conditioning. Biosyst. Eng., 2004; 87(4): 417–424.
[28] İnce A, Uğurluay S, Güzel E, Özcan M T. Bending and shearing characteristics of sunflower stalk residue. Biosyst. Eng., 2005; 92(2): 175–181.
[29] Gao G H, Wang T B, Zhou Z C, Bu Y L. Optimization experiment of influence factors on greenhouse vegetable harvest cutting. Transactions of the CSAE, 2015; 31 (19): 15–21. (in Chinese)
[30] Du D D, Wang J, Qiu S S. Optimization of cutting position and mode for cabbage harvesting. Transactions of the CSAE, 2014; 30(12): 34–40. (in Chinese)
[31] Wang W W, Ma Y D, Fu L S, Cui Y J, Majeed Y. Physical and mechanical properties of hydroponic lettuce for automatic harvesting. Inf. Process. Agric., 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.inpa.2020.11.005.
[2] Ma Y D, Xu C, Cui Y J, Fu L S, Liu H Z, Yang C. Design and test of harvester for whole hydroponic lettuce with low damage. Transactions of the CSAM, 2019; 50(1): 162–169. (in Chinese)
[3] Fu L S, Feng Y L, Wu J Z, Liu Z H, Gao F F, Majeed Y, et al. Fast and accurate detection of kiwifruit in orchard using improved YOLOv3-tiny model. Precis Agric., 2021; 22(3): 754–776.
[4] Brown D, Glancey J L. Theoretical and experimental analysis of a continuous-blade cutting system for leafy vegetables. Transactions of the ASABE, 2007; 50(3): 803–813.
[5] Chen Z G, Wang D F, Li L Q, Shan R X. Experiment on tensile and shearing characteristics of rind of corn stalk. Transactions of the CSAE, 2012; 28(21): 59–65.
[6] Cho S I, Chang S J, Kim Y Y, An K J. AE—Automation and emerging technologies: development of a three-degrees-of-freedom robot for harvesting lettuce using machine vision and fuzzy logic control. Biosyst. Eng., 2002; 82(2): 143–149.
[7] Igathinathane C, Womac A R, Sokhansanj S. Corn stalk orientation effect on mechanical cutting. Biosyst. Eng., 2010; 107(2): 97–106.
[8] Mathanker S K, Grift T E, Hansen A C. Effect of blade oblique angle and cutting speed on cutting energy for energycane stems. Biosyst. Eng., 2015; 133: 64–70.
[9] Cheng C, Yu G S. Effect of sliding cutting angle of bush reciprocating cutter on bush cutting. J. Beijing Forest Univ., 2011; 33(2): 115–119. (in Chinese)
[10] Du D D, Wang J. Research on mechanics properties of crop stalks: A review. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2016; 9(6): 10–19.
[11] Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhao H M, Liu B, Ma J T, He Y, et al. Effects of cutting parameters on cutting of citrus fruit stems. Biosyst. Eng., 2020; 193: 1–11.
[12] Xu Y F, Zhang X L, Sun X J, Wang J Z, Liu J Z, Li Z G, et al. Tensile mechanical properties of greenhouse cucumber cane. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2016; 9(5): 1–8.
[13] Zhao J L, Huang D Y, Jia H L, Zhuang J, Guo M Z. Analysis and experiment on cutting performances of high-stubble maize stalks. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(1): 40–52.
[14] Nang V N, Yamane S. Development of prototype harvester for head lettuce. Eng. Agric. Environ. Food, 2015; 8(1): 18–25.
[15] Dowgiallo A. Cutting force of fibrous materials. J. Food Eng., 2005; 66(1): 57–61.
[16] Du D D, Wang J, Qiu S S. Analysis and test of splitting failure in the cutting process of cabbage root. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2015; 8(4): 27–34.
[17] Galedar M N, Jafari A, Mohtasebia S S, Tabatabaeefar A, Sharifi A, O'Dogherty M J, et al. Effects of moisture content and level in the crop on the engineering properties of alfalfa stems. Biosyst. Eng., 2008; 101(2): 199–208.
[18] Guarnieri A, Maglioni C, Molari G. Dynamic analysis of reciprocating single-blade cutter bars. Transactions of the ASABE, 2007; 50(3): 755–764.
[19] Jia H L, Li C Y, Zhang Z H, Wang G. Design of bionic saw blade for corn stalk cutting. J. Bionic Eng., 2013; 10(4): 497–505.
[20] Johnson P C, Clementson C L, Mathanker S K, Grift T E, Hansen A C. Cutting energy characteristics of miscanthus × giganteus stems with varying oblique angle and cutting speed. Biosyst. Eng., 2012; 112(1): 42–48.
[21] Liu Q, Mathanker S K, Zhang Q, Hansen A C. Biomechanical properties of misscanthus stems. Transactions of the ASABE, 2012; 55(4): 1125–1131.
[22] Newman J M, Hilton H W, Clifford S C, Smith A C. The mechanical properties of lettuce: A comparison of some agronomic and postharvest effects. J. Mater. Sci., 2005; 40(5): 1101–1104.
[23] Gao F F, Fu L S, Zhang X, Majeed Y, Li R, Karkee M, et al. Multi-class fruit-on-plant detection for apple in SNAP system using Faster R-CNN. Comput. Electron. Agric., 2020; 176: 105634. doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2020.105634.
[24] Shepardson E S, Pollock J G, Rehkugler G E. Research and development of a lettuce harvester. Transactions of the ASAE, 1974; 17(2): 212–216.
[25] Uchida T, Yamano T, Miyazaki H. Development on automatic harvesting system for leaf vegetables. Shokubutsu Kojo Gakkaishi, 1994; 6(3): 197–202. (in Japanese)
[26] Ghahraei O, Ahmad D, Khalina A, Suryanto H, Othman J. Cutting tests of kenaf stems. Transactions of the ASABE, 2011; 54(1): 51–56.
[27] Chen Y, Gratton J L, Liu J. Power requirements of hemp cutting and conditioning. Biosyst. Eng., 2004; 87(4): 417–424.
[28] İnce A, Uğurluay S, Güzel E, Özcan M T. Bending and shearing characteristics of sunflower stalk residue. Biosyst. Eng., 2005; 92(2): 175–181.
[29] Gao G H, Wang T B, Zhou Z C, Bu Y L. Optimization experiment of influence factors on greenhouse vegetable harvest cutting. Transactions of the CSAE, 2015; 31 (19): 15–21. (in Chinese)
[30] Du D D, Wang J, Qiu S S. Optimization of cutting position and mode for cabbage harvesting. Transactions of the CSAE, 2014; 30(12): 34–40. (in Chinese)
[31] Wang W W, Ma Y D, Fu L S, Cui Y J, Majeed Y. Physical and mechanical properties of hydroponic lettuce for automatic harvesting. Inf. Process. Agric., 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.inpa.2020.11.005.
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Published
2021-07-31
How to Cite
Cui, Y., Wang, W., Wang, M., Ma, Y., & Fu, L. (2021). Effects of cutter parameters on shearing stress for lettuce harvesting using a specially developed fixture. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 14(4), 152–158. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/6346
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Power and Machinery Systems
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