Detection system of smart sprayers: Status, challenges, and perspectives
Keywords:
smart sprayer, target detection, weed control, disease detection, chemical applicationAbstract
A smart sprayer comprises a detection system and a chemical spraying system. In this study, the development status and challenges of the detection systems of smart sprayers are discussed along with perspectives on these technologies. The detection system of a smart sprayer is used to collect information on target areas and make spraying decisions. The spraying system controls sprayer operation. Various sensing technologies, such as machine vision, spectral analysis, and remote sensing, are used in target detection. In image processing, morphological features are employed to segment characteristics such as shape, structure, color, and pattern. In spectral analysis, the characteristics of reflectance and multispectral images are applied in crop detection. For the remote sensing application, vegetation indices and hyperspectral images are used to provide information on crop management. Other sensors, such as thermography, ultrasonic, laser, and X-ray sensors, are also used in the detection system and mentioned in the review. On the basis of this review, challenges and perspectives are suggested. The findings of this study may aid the understanding of smart sprayer systems and provide feasible methods for improving efficiency in chemical applications. Keywords: smart sprayer, target detection, weed control, disease detection, chemical application DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20120503.002 Citation: Sun H, Li M Z, Zhang Q. Detection system of smart sprayer: Status, challenges, and perspectives. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2012; 5(3): 10References
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[22] P
[2] Shrefler J W, Stall W M, Dusky J A. Spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.), a serious competitor to crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). HortScience, 1996; 31(3): 347-348.
[3] Martelli G P. Major graft-transmissible diseases of grapevines: nature, diagnosis and sanitation. In: Proceedings of the 50th Annu Am Soc Enol Viticulture Meeting, WA, USA, 2000; pp. 231-236.
[4] Yang Z, Rao M N, Elliott N C, Kindler S D, Popham T W. Differentiating stress induced by greenbugs and Russian wheat aphids in wheat using remote sensing. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2009; 67(1?2): 64-70.
[5] Grisso R D, Dickey E C, Schulze L D. The cost of misapplication of herbicides. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 1989; 5(3): 344-347.
[6] Pimentel D, Acquay H, Biltonen M, Rice P, Silva M, Nelson J, et al. Environmental and economic costs of pesticide use. BioScience, 1992; 42(10): 750-760.
[7] Pimentel D, Andow D, Dyson-Hudson R, Gallahan D, Jacobson S, Irish M, et al. Environmental and social costs of pesticides: A preliminary assessment. Oikos, 1980; 126-140.
[8] Al-Saleh I A. Pesticides: A review article. Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology, 1994; 13(3): 151-161.
[9] Shutske J M, Jenkins S M. The impact of biotechnology on agricultural worker safety and health. Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, 2002; 8(3): 277-287.
[10] Gil Y, Sinfort C. Emission of pesticides to the air during sprayer application: A bibliographic review. Atmospheric Environment, 2005; 39(28): 5183-5193.
[11] Pimentel D, McLaughlin L, Zepp A, Lakitan B, Kraus T, Kleinman P, et al. Environmental and economic effects of reducing pesticide use. BioScience, 1991; 41(6): 402-409.
[12] Leach A W, Mumford J D. Pesticide environmental accounting: A method for assessing the external costs of individual pesticide applications. Environmental Pollution, 2008; 151(1): 139-147.
[13] Law E. Agricultural electrostatic spray application: A review of significant research and development during the 20th century. Journal of Electrostatices, 2001; 51: 25-42.
[14] Netland J, Balvoll G, Holm?y R. Band spraying, selective flame weeding and hoeing in late white cabbage PART II. In: Symposium on engineering as a tool to reduce pesticide consumption and operator hazards in Horticulture 372, 1993; 235-244.
[15] Wijnands F G. Integrated crop protection and environment exposure to pesticides: methods to reduce use and impact of pesticides in arable farming. Developments in Crop Science, 1997; 25: 319-328.
[16] Niazmand A R, Shaker M, Zakerin A R. Evaluation of different herbicide application methods and cultivation effect on yield and weed control of corn (Zea mays). Journal of Agronomy, 2008; 7(4): 314-320.
[17] Brown D L, Giles D K, Oliver M N, Klassen P. Targeted spray technology to reduce pesticide in runoff from dormant orchards. Crop Protection, 2008; 27(3-5): 545-552.
[18] Slaughter D C, Giles D K, Downey D. Autonomous robotic weed control systems: A review. Computers and Electronics
in Agriculture, 2008; 61(1): 63-78.
[19] Franz E, Gebhardt M R, Unklesbay K B. The use of local spectral properties of leaves as an aid for identifying weed seedlings in digital images. Transactions of the ASABE, 1991; 34(2): 0682-0687.
[20] Sims D A, Gamon J A. Relationships between leaf pigment content and spectral reflectance across a wide range of species, leaf structures and developmental stages. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2002; 81(2-3): 337-354.
[21] Gitelson A A, Gritz Y, Merzlyak M. Relationships between leaf chlorophyll content and spectral reflectance and algorithms for non-destructive chlorophyll assessment in higher plant leaves. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2003; 160(3): 271-282.
[22] P
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Published
2012-09-22
How to Cite
Hong, S., Minzan, L., & Qin, Z. (2012). Detection system of smart sprayers: Status, challenges, and perspectives. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 5(3), 10–23. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/585
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Power and Machinery Systems
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