Development and experimental study on a pilot-scale feed pellet mill
Keywords:
feed, pilot-scale, pellet mill, experimental study, ring die speedAbstract
Pilot-scale pellet mill has many advantages and great potential application prospect. In this work, a structure of pilot-scale pellet mill was designed and the effects of moisture content (12%-20% w.b.), temperature (55°C-95°C) and ring die speed (160-320 r/min) on the production and physical properties (pellet durability, bulk density and hardness) of the produced feed pellets were determined and analyzed. The results showed that pellet durability ranged from 90.47% to 96.92%, bulk density 537.4 kg/m3 to 62.2 kg/m3, hardness 5.26 kg to 9.65 kg and production 26.51 kg/h to 42.81 kg/h. Pellet durability was found to increase with the increase of temperature and moisture content, but to decrease with the increase of ring die speed. Bulk density showed a monotonic increase with temperature and ring die speed. Hardness increased with the increase of temperature, but exhibited a first ascending and then descending trends with the increase of moisture content. It also indicted that high ring die speed favored production. Due to its fast and cheap production in a suitable scale, the designed pilot scale pellet mill prototype and the comprehensive research would contribute to the production of feed pellets in various processing conditions with different feed formulas, like additive selection and so on, in order to meet diversified demands. Keywords: feed, pilot-scale, pellet mill, experimental study, ring die speed DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201306.5826 Citation: Peng F, Fang F, Huang Z G. Development and experimental study on a pilot-scale feed pellet mill. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(6): 201–206.References
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[2] Ghasemi A, Chayjan R A, Najafabadi H J. Optimization of granular waste production based on mechanical properties. Waste Management, 2018; 75: 82–93.
[3] Abdollahi M R, Ravindran V, Svihus B. Pelleting of broiler diets: An overview with emphasis on pellet quality and nutritional value. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2013; 179(1-4): 1–23.
[4] Svihus B, Zimonja O. Chemical alterations with nutritional consequences due to pelleting animal feeds: a review. Animal Production Science, 2011; 51(7): 590–596.
[5] Lv M B, Yan L, Wang Z G, An S, Wu M M, Lv Z Z. Effects of feed form and feed particle size on growth performance, carcass characteristics and digestive tract development of broilers. Animal Nutrition, 2015; 1(3): 252–256.
[6] Behnke K C. Feed manufacturing technology: current issues and challenges. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1996; 62(1): 49–57.
[7] Boac J A, Casada M E, Maghirang R G. Feed pellet and corn durability and breakage during repeated elevator handling. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2008; 24(5): 637–643.
[8] Llorens S, Pérez-Arjona I, Soliveres E, Espinosa V. Detection and target strength measurements of uneaten feed pellets with a single beam echosounder. Aquacultural Engineering, 2017; 78(B): 216–220.
[9] Haubjerg A F, Veje C, Jørgensen B N, Simonsen B, Løvgreen S. Structural properties and mechanical durability of extruded fish feed. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 2015; 38(6): 621–631.
[10] Aarseth K A, Prestløkken E. Mechanical Properties of feed pellets: Weibull analysis. Biosystems Engineering, 2003; 84(3): 349–361.
[11] Muramatsu K, Vaccari I C M, Minafra C S, Sens R F, Dahike F, Maiorka A. Effect of thermal processing, press throughput and roller-die gap on physicochemical properties of broiler feed pellets. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology A, 2016; 6(2): 98–107.
[12] Tran Q D, Hendriks W H, van der Poel A F B. Effects of drying temperature and time of a canine diet extruded with a 4 or 8 mm die on physical and nutritional quality indicators. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2011; 165(3-4): 258–264.
[13] Draganovic V, van der Goot A J, Boom R, Jonkers J. Assessment of the effects of fish meal, wheat gluten, soy protein concentrate and feed moisture on extruder system parameters and the technical quality of fish feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2011; 165(3-4): 238–250.
[14] Bajwa D S, Peterson T, Sharma N, Shojaeiarani J, Bajwa S G. A review of densified solid biomass for energy production. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018; 96: 296–305.
[15] Mani S, Tabil L, Sokhansanj S. Compaction of biomass grinds-an overview of compaction of biomass grinds. Powder Handling and Processing, 2003; 15(3): 160–168.
[16] Nevena M, Radmilo C, Duro V, Tea B, Salas B C. The effects of sugar beet molasses on wheat straw pelleting and pellet quality. A comparative study of pelleting by using a single pellet press and a pilot-scale pellet press. Fuel Processing Technology, 2016; 144: 220–229.
[17] Moritz J S, Cramer K R, Wilson K J, Beyer R S. Feed manufacture and feeding of rations with graded levels of added moisture formulated to different energy densities. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 2003; 12(3): 371–381.
[18] Stein H H, Lagos L V, Casas G A. Nutritional value of feed ingredients of plant origin fed to pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2016; 218: 33–69.
[19] ASAE. Cubes, pellets, and crumbles-definitions and methods for determining density, durability, and moisture content. ASABE Standards, 2004.
[20] ASAE Standards S358. 2: Moisture measurement Forages. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI, 2003.
[21] Thomas M, van der Poel A. Physical quality of pelleted animal feed 1. Criteria for pellet quality. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1996; 61(1-4): 89–112.
[22] Moradi A, Moradi S, Abdollahi M R. Influence of feed ingredients with pellet-binding properties on physical pellet quality, growth performance, carcass characteristics and nutrient retention in broiler chickens. Animal Production Science, 2019; 59(1): 73–81.
[23] Muramatsu K, Massuquetto A, Dahlke F, Maiorka A. Factors that affect pellet quality: A review. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology A, 2015; 5(9): 717–722.
[24] Singh S K, Muthukumarappan K. Effect of feed moisture, extrusion temperature and screw speed on properties of soy white flakes based aquafeed: a response surface analysis. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2016; 96(6): 2220–2229.
[25] Tumuluru J S, Conner C C. Specific energy consumption and quality of wood pellets produced using high-moisture lodgepole pine grind in a flat die pellet mill. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2016; 110: 82–97.
[26] Tumuluru J S. Effect of process variables on the density and durability of the pellets made from high moisture corn stover. Biosystems Engineering, 2014; 119(4): 44–57.
[27] Jackson J, Turner A, Mark T, Montross M. Densification of biomass using a pilot scale flat ring roller pellet mill. Fuel Processing Technology, 2016; 148: 43–49.
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Published
2020-12-03
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Peng, F., Fang, F., & Huang, Z. (2020). Development and experimental study on a pilot-scale feed pellet mill. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 13(6), 201–206. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/5826
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Renewable Energy and Material Systems
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