Influence of soil texture on the process of subsurface drainage in saturated-unsaturated zones
Keywords:
saturated-unsaturated zone, soil texture, subsurface, drainage pipe, groundwater levelAbstract
This study addressed the problem of low drainage efficiency or even no drainage in subsurface drainage systems buried in saturated-unsaturated zones above the water table. An indoor experiment on infiltration under ponded conditions in a homogeneous soil column was performed to study the effects of soil texture on the soil wetting front morphology, soil infiltration rate, drainage efficiency of the subsurface drainage pipe, vertical distribution of soil water content and salinity along the soil column. The results showed that the drainage process of subsurface drainage pipes above the water table was quite different from that of subsurface drainage pipes below the water table. When a subsurface drainage pipe was located in sandy soil, the migration of soil water toward the bottom of the drainage pipe was significant, and the water could not be discharged into the pipe. When the drainage pipe was located in loamy clay, the movement of soil water towards the bottom of the pipe was retarded, and the water could be discharged into the pipe. During the drainage process, the drainage of the pipe can produce nonequilibrium flow in the soil, and the continuity of the nonequilibrium flow can be affected by the hydraulic conductivity of the soil above the pipe, which can result in discontinuous drainage and low drainage efficiency. The water holding capacity, permeability and aeration of soil are important factors that affect the drainage under unsaturated conditions. Eliminating the hysteresis effect and capillary barrier around the drainage pipe and adjusting water holding capacity, the permeability and aeration of soil structure through a new subsurface drainage structure may enhance the drainage efficiency of subsurface drainage pipes in saturated-unsaturated zones. Keywords: saturated-unsaturated zone, soil texture, subsurface, drainage pipe, groundwater level DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211401.5699 Citation: Li Y F, Li M S, Liu H G, Qin W B. Influence of soil texture on the process of subsurface drainage in saturated-unsaturated zones. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(1): 82–89.References
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[25] Snehota M, Jelinkova V, Sacha J, Frycova M, Cislerova M, Vontobel P, et al. Experimental investigation of preferential flow in a near-saturated intact soil sample. Physics Procedia, 2015; 69(4): 496–502.
[26] Jarrett A R, Fritton D D. Effect of entrapped soil air on infiltration. Transactions of the ASAE, 1978; 21(5): 901–906.
[27] Hoover J R, Jarrett A R. Field evaluation of shallow subsurface drains to vent soil air, improve infiltration and reduce runoff. Transactions of the ASAE, 1989; 32(4): 1358–1364.
[28] Linden D R, Dixon R M. Soil air pressure effects on route and rate of infiltration. Soil Science Society of America, 1976; 40: 963–965.
[29] Jarrett A R, Hoover J R, Paulson C D. Subsurface drainage, air entrapment and infiltration in sand. Transactions of the ASAE, 1980; 23(6): 1424–1427.
[30] Qin W B, Li M S, Li Y F, Liu H G. Proposed gravel filters for pipe-drain to improve the efficacy of the drainage system under drip irrigation. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2017; 36(7): 80–85. (in Chinese)
[31] Nie J J, Li M S, Liang M F, Qin W B. Performance of a new subsurface drain system. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2018; 37(12): 86–93. (in Chinese)
[32] Pla C, Cuezva S, Martinez-Martinez J, Fernandez-Cortes A, Garcia-Anton E, Fusi N, et al. Role of soil pore structure in water infiltration and CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and underground air in the vadose zone: A combined laboratory and field approach. Catena, 2017; 149(1): 402–416.
[2] Deng M J. Current situation and its potential analysis of exploration and utilization of groundwater resources of Xinjiang. Arid Land Geography, 2009; 5: 647–654.
[3] Yang G, He X L, Li X L, Long A H, Xue L Q. Transformation of surface water and groundwater and water balance in the agricultural irrigation area of the Manas River Basin, China. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(4): 107–118.
[4] Yang H C, Wang D F, Shao J R, Luo Y F, Zhang F H. The impact of drip irrigation under film technology in the large areas on the groundwater level and flow field in arid land. China Rural Water and Hydropower, 2013; 11: 60–64. (in Chinese)
[5] He X L, Liu H G, Ye J W, Yang G, Li M S, Gong P, et al. Comparative investigation on soil salinity leaching under subsurface drainage and ditch drainage in Xinjiang arid region. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2016; 9(6): 109–118.
[6] Zhang W, Lyu X, Li L H, Liu J G, Sun Z J, Zhang X W, et al. Salt transfer law for cotton field with drip irrigation under the plastic mulch in Xinjiang Region. Transactions of the CSAE, 2008; 24(8): 15–19. (in Chinese)
[7] Mu H C, Hudan T, Su L T, Mahemujiang A, Wang Y M, Zhang J Z. Salt transfer law for cotton field with drip irrigation under mulch in arid region. Transactions of the CSAE, 2011; 27(7): 18–22. (in Chinese)
[8] Li M S, Liu H G, Zheng X R. Spatiotemporal variation for soil salinity of field land under long-term mulched drip irrigation. Transactions of the CSAE, 2012; 28(22): 82–87. (in Chinese)
[9] Hu H C, Tian F Q, Zhang Z, Yang P J, Ni G H, Li B. Soil salt leaching in non-growth period and salinity dynamics under mulched drip irrigation in arid area. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2015; 46(9): 1037–1046. (in Chinese)
[10] Liu Y G, Y H C, W K Y, Lu T, Zhang F H. Shallow subsurface pipe drainage in Xinjiang lowers soil salinity and improves cotton seed yield. Transactions of the CSAE, 2014; 30(16): 84–9. (in Chinese)
[11] Heng T, Wang Z H, Li W H, Zhang J Z, Yang B L. Impacts of diameter and depth of drainage pipes in fields under drip irrigation on soil salt. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2018; 55: 111–121. (in Chinese)
[12] Hermsmeier L F. Shallow drain performance in a heavy soil. Transactions of the ASAE, 1973; 16(1): 92–94
[13] Fausey N R. Shallow subsurface drain performance in Clermont soil. Transactions of the ASAE, 1983; 26(3): 782–784.
[14] He X L, Liu H G, Ye J W, Yang G, Li M S, Gong P, et al. Comparative investigation on soil salinity leaching under subsurface drainage and ditch drainage in Xinjiang arid region. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2016; 9(6): 109–118.
[15] Rybakova S T, Sabinin V I. Unsteady saturated-unsaturated flow to horizontal drains. Fluid Dynamics, 1981; 16: 703–709.
[16] Kao C, Bouarfa S, Zimmer D. Steady state analysis of unsaturated flow above a shallow water-table aquifer drained by ditches. Journal of Hydrology, 2001; 250(1-4): 122–133.
[17] Tao Y, Wang S L, Xu D, Guan X Y, Ji M Z, Liu J. Theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the improved subsurface drainage discharge with ponded water. Agricultural Water Management, 2019; 213: 546–553.
[18] Li X W, Zuo Q, Shi J C, Alon B, Wang S. Evaluation of salt discharge by subsurface pipes in the cotton field with film mulched drip irrigation in Xinjiang, China I. Calibration to models and parameters. Journal of Hydraulic, 2016; 47(4): 537–544. (in Chinese)
[19] Stormont J C, Zhou S X. Impact of unsaturated flow on pavement edgedrain performance. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2005; 131(1): 46–53.
[20] Wang Z H, Heng T, Li W H, Zhang J Z, Yang B L, Jiang Y S. Effects of drainage pipe spacing on soil salinity leaching under drip irrigation condition. Transactions of the CSAM, 2017; 48(8): 253–261. (in Chinese)
[21] van Reeuwijl L P. Procedures for soil analysis. Wageningen: Int Soil Ref and Inf Ctr, 2002; 95p.
[22] Rasmuson A, Eriksson J C. On the physico-chemical basis for the capillary barrier effect. Hydrology Research, 1988; 19(5): 281–292.
[23] Christiansen J E. Effects of entrapped air upon the permeability of soils. Soil Sci, 1944; 58(5): 355–366
[24] Bond W J, N Collis-George. Ponded infiltration into simple soil systems: 2. Pore air pressures ahead of and behind the wetting front. Soil Science, 1981; 131(5): 263–270.
[25] Snehota M, Jelinkova V, Sacha J, Frycova M, Cislerova M, Vontobel P, et al. Experimental investigation of preferential flow in a near-saturated intact soil sample. Physics Procedia, 2015; 69(4): 496–502.
[26] Jarrett A R, Fritton D D. Effect of entrapped soil air on infiltration. Transactions of the ASAE, 1978; 21(5): 901–906.
[27] Hoover J R, Jarrett A R. Field evaluation of shallow subsurface drains to vent soil air, improve infiltration and reduce runoff. Transactions of the ASAE, 1989; 32(4): 1358–1364.
[28] Linden D R, Dixon R M. Soil air pressure effects on route and rate of infiltration. Soil Science Society of America, 1976; 40: 963–965.
[29] Jarrett A R, Hoover J R, Paulson C D. Subsurface drainage, air entrapment and infiltration in sand. Transactions of the ASAE, 1980; 23(6): 1424–1427.
[30] Qin W B, Li M S, Li Y F, Liu H G. Proposed gravel filters for pipe-drain to improve the efficacy of the drainage system under drip irrigation. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2017; 36(7): 80–85. (in Chinese)
[31] Nie J J, Li M S, Liang M F, Qin W B. Performance of a new subsurface drain system. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2018; 37(12): 86–93. (in Chinese)
[32] Pla C, Cuezva S, Martinez-Martinez J, Fernandez-Cortes A, Garcia-Anton E, Fusi N, et al. Role of soil pore structure in water infiltration and CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and underground air in the vadose zone: A combined laboratory and field approach. Catena, 2017; 149(1): 402–416.
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Published
2021-02-10
How to Cite
Li, Y., Li, M., Liu, H., & Qin, W. (2021). Influence of soil texture on the process of subsurface drainage in saturated-unsaturated zones. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 14(1), 82–89. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/5699
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