Effects of leaf response velocity on spray deposition with an air-assisted orchard sprayer
Keywords:
air-assisted spray, leaf wind vibration, leaf aerodynamic response velocity, droplet deposition states, droplet retention, orchardAbstract
The interaction between leaves and airflow has a direct effect on the droplet deposition characteristics of the leaf canopy. In order to make clear the mechanism of droplet deposition in terms of the interaction between the droplets and leaves from the point of the leaf aerodynamic response velocity, the leaf movement under different airflow velocities and the influence of the leaf aerodynamic response on droplet coverage ratio were investigated. The effect of the aerodynamic response velocity of a leaf on the droplet deposition of the leaf surface was investigated. The aerodynamic characteristics of the leaf were analyzed theoretically. Boundary layer theory from fluid mechanics was used to develop a model of the leaf aerodynamic response velocity to nonperiodic excitations based on a convolution integral method. Target leaf aerodynamic velocities were detected using a high-speed camera, and the results indicated that the modeled leaf aerodynamic response velocity matched the measured values. At given conditions of spray liquid and leaf surface texture, the spray test showed that the droplet coverage ratio was influenced by the leaf aerodynamic response velocity, the droplet coverage ratio increased and then decreased with the leaf response velocity. Through analyze four droplets deposition state, the highest droplet deposition ratio and best deposition state on the leaf surface occur when the leaf aerodynamic response velocity was less than 0.14 m/s. According to the analysis of droplet deposition states, the uniformity of the droplet size and quantity distribution of droplets on the leaf surface related to the leaf aerodynamic response velocity. The results can provide a basis for the design and optimization of orchard air sprayers. Keywords: air-assisted spray, leaf wind vibration, leaf aerodynamic response velocity, droplet deposition states, droplet retention, orchard DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211401.5435 Citation: Li J, Li Z Q, Ma Y K, Cui H J, Yang Z, Lu H Z. Effects of leaf response velocity on spray deposition with an air-assisted orchard sprayer. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(1): 123–132.References
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[2] Li L L, He X K, Song J L, Liu Y, Wang Z C, Li J Y, et al. Comparative experiment on profile variable rate spray and conventional air assisted spray in orchards. Transactions of the CSAE, 2017; 33(16): 56–63. (in Chinese)
[3] Niu C Q, Zhang W J, Wang Q, Zhao X X, Fan G J, Jiang H H. Research status and trend of orchard air supply spray air volume regulation. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Mechanization, 2020; 41(12): 48-54.
[4] Grella M, Marucco P, Balafoutis A T, Balsari P. Spray drift generated in vineyard during under-row weed control and suckering: evaluation of direct and indirect drift-reducing techniques. Sustainability, 2020; 12(12): 5068. doi: 10.3390/su12125068.
[5] Larbi P A, Salyani M. Model to predict spray deposition in citrus airblast sprayer applications: Part 2. Spray deposition. Transactions of the ASABE, 2012; 55(1): 41–48.
[6] Dorr G J, Kempthorne D M, Mayo L C, Forster W A, Zabkiewicz J A, McCue S W, et al. Towards a model of spray-canopy interactions: Interception, shatter, bounce and retention of droplets on horizontal leaves. Ecological Modelling, 2014; 290: 94–101.
[7] Dorr G J, Wang S S, Mayo L C, McCue S W, Forster W A, Hanan J, et al. Impaction of spray droplets on leaves: Influence of formulation and leaf character on shatter, bounce and adhesion. Experiments in Fluids, 2015; 56(7): 143. doi: 10.1007/s00348-015-2012-9.
[8] Bueno M R, Cunha J P A R, de Santana D G. Assessment of spray drift from pesticide applications in soybean crops. Biosystems Engineering, 2017; 154: 35–45.
[9] Qin W, Xue X, Zhang S, Wang B. Droplet deposition and efficiency of fungicides sprayed with small UAV against wheat powdery mildew. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2018; 11(2): 27-32.
[10] Gaskin R E, Steele K D, Forster W A. Characterising plant surfaces for spray adhesion and retention. Adjuvant Technology, 2005; 58: 179–183.
[11] Musiu E M, Qi L J, Wu Y L. Spray deposition and distribution on the targets and losses to the ground as affected by application volume rate, airflow rate and target position. Crop Protection, 2019; 116: 170–180.
[12] Grella M, Marucco P, Manzone M, Gallart M, Balsari P. Effect of sprayer settings on spray drift during pesticide application in poplar plantations. Science of the Total Environment, 2016; 578: 427–439.
[13] Taylor W A, Shaw G B. The effect of drop speed, size and surfactant on the deposition of spray on barley and radish or mustard. Pesticide Science, 1983; 14(6): 659–665.
[14] Whitney J D, Salyani M, Churchill D B, Knapp J L, Whiteside J O, Littell R C. A field investigation to examine the effects of sprayer type, ground speed, and volume rate on spray deposition in Florida citrus. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1989; 42(4): 275–283.
[15] Xu L Y, Zhu H P, Ozkan H E, Thistle H W. Evaporation rate and development of wetted area of water droplets with and without surfactant at different locations on waxy leaf surfaces. Biosystems Engineering, 2010; 106(1): 58–67.
[16] Machado W A, Silva S M, Carvalho S M, Cunha J. Effect of nozzles, application rates, and adjuvants on spray deposition in wheat crops. Engenharia Agrícola, 2019; 39(1): 83–88.
[17] Salcedo R, Zhu H P, Zhang Z H, Wei Z M, Chen L M, Ozkan E, et al. Foliar deposition and coverage on young apple trees with PWM-controlled spray systems. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2020; 178: 105794. doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2020.105794.
[18] Li J, Cui H J, Ma Y K, Xun L, Li Z Q, Yang Z, Lu H Z. Orchard spray study: A pediction model of droplet deposition states on leaf surfaces. Agronomy, 2020; 10(5): 747. doi: 10.3390/agronomy10050747.
[19] Yuan H Z, Qi S H, Yang D B. Study on the point of run-off and the maximum retention of spray liquid on crop leaves. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2000; 2(4): 66–71. (in Chinese)
[20] Wolf R E. Drift-reducing strategies and practices for ground applications. Technology & Health Care Official Journal of the European Society for Engineering & Medicine, 2013; 19(1): 1–20.
[21] Shao C P, Chen Y J, Lin J Z. Wind induced deformation and vibration of a Platanus acerifolia leaf. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 2012; 28(3): 583–594.
[22] Steven V. Drag and reconfiguration of broad leaves in high winds. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1989; 40(8): 941–948.
[23] Monteith J L. The radiation regime and architecture of plant stands. Journal of Ecology, 1981; 71(1): 344–345.
[24] Warneke B W, Zhu H P, Pscheidt J W, Nackley L L. Canopy spray application technology in specialty crops: A slowly evolving landscape. Pest Management Science, 2020; ps.6167. doi: 10.1002/ps.6167.
[25] Cengel Y, Cimbala J. Fluid mechanics: Fundamentals and applications. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2013; 1024p.
[26] Stanford A L, Tanner J M. Mechanics of fluids. Physics for Students of Science and Engineering, 1985; 79(4): 234–264.
[27] Klaus W. A comparison of explanations of the aerodynamic lifting force. American Journal of Physics, 1987; 55(1): 50–54.
[28] Jiang H B, Cao S L, Cheng Z Q. Lift and drag coefficients of flow around a flat plate at high attack angles. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2011; 28: 518–520. (in Chinese)
[29] William T T, Dillon D M. Theory of vibration with applications. New York: Taylor & Francis, 1998; 534p.
[30] Berry J D, Nesson M J, Dagastine R R, Chan D Y C, Tabor R F. Measurement of surface and interfacial tension using pendant drop tensiometry. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2015; 45: 226–237.
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Published
2021-02-10
How to Cite
Li, J., Li, Z., Ma, Y., Cui, H., Yang, Z., & Lu, H. (2021). Effects of leaf response velocity on spray deposition with an air-assisted orchard sprayer. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 14(1), 123–132. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/5435
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Power and Machinery Systems
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