Simulated annealing optimization and experiments of a five-bar aerating mechanism for vertically aerating on salt-affected lands
Keywords:
salinization, five-bar aerating mechanism, vertically aerating, simulated annealing method, computer simulationAbstract
Current agronomic improving treatments for soil salinization are faced with challenges of heavy workload, high cost, etc., which may seriously restrict agricultural productivity and sustainability on a large scale. Aerator has been applied to loosen soil and enhance soil permeability. In this research, aiming to realize vertically aerating, an aerator with a five-bar aerating mechanism was proposed to improve the aerating performance for saline-alkali land. The five-bar structure of aerating mechanism was designed based on analysis of the aerator on saline-alkali land. The kinematic model was established to describe the aerating process, and the key parameters of the aerating mechanism were obtained by satisfying the motion trajectory conditions. Subsequently, the related parameters were optimized by a simulated annealing method. Furthermore, numerical modeling was simulated to verify the perpendicularity performance after aerating head hitting into the soil. The simulation results indicated that the optimized five-bar aerating mechanism could decrease swinging extreme value by 24% compared with the initial parameters. Finally, the physical prototype of the aerator was tested in the field and performed as expected, producing <7 mm depth tolerances and <3.3° angle tolerances, which met the design requirement. Keywords: salinization, five-bar aerating mechanism, vertically aerating, simulated annealing method, computer simulation DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20211401.5322 Citation: Zhang Y F, Li H W, Zhang R H, Ding S. Simulated annealing optimization and experiments of a five-bar aerating mechanism for vertically aerating on salt-affected lands. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(1): 151–156.References
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[2] Gao C, Wang Y, Liu G, Yang C, Jiang J, Li H. Expression profiling of salinity-alkali stress responses by large-scale expressed sequence tag analysis in Tamarix hispid. Plant Molecular Biology, 2008; 66(3): 245–258.
[3] Luo S, Wang S, Tian L, Shi S, Xu S, Yang F, et al. Aggregate-related changes in soil microbial communities under different ameliorant applications in saline-sodic soils. Geoderma, 2018; 329, 108–117.
[4] Wang Y, Ma H, Liu G, Xu C, Zhang D, Ban Q. Analysis of gene expression profile of Limonium bicolor under NaHCO3 stress using cDNA microarray. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 2008; 26(3): 241–254.
[5] Abdel-Fattah G M, Asrar A W A. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal application to improve growth and tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants grown in saline soil. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2011; 34: 267–277.
[6] Trejo A, De-Bashan L E, Hartmann A, Hernandez J P, Rothballer M, Schmid M, et al. Recycling waste debris of immobilized microalgae and plant growth-promoting bacteria from wastewater treatment as a resource to improve fertility of eroded desert soil. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2012; 75(4): 65–73.
[7] Shi S, Tian L, Nasir F, Bahadur A, Batool A, Luo S, et al. Response of microbial communities and enzyme activities to amendments in saline-alkaline soils. Appl Soil Ecol, 2019; 135: 16–24.
[8] Lippuner V, Cyert M S, Gasser C S. Two classes of plant cDNA clones differentially complement yeast calcineurin mutants and increase salt tolerance of wild-type yeast. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1996; 271(22): 12859–12866.
[9] Jarvis D E, Ryu C H, Beilstein M A, Schumaker K S. Distinct roles for SOS1 in the convergent evolution of salt tolerance in Eutrema salsugineum and Schrenkiella parvula. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2014; 31(8): 2094–2107.
[10] Singh Y P, Mishra V K, Singh S, Sharma D K, Singh D, Singh U S, et al. Productivity of sodic soils can be enhanced through the use of salt tolerant rice varieties and proper agronomic practices. Field Crops Research, 2016; 190: 82–90.
[11] Glenn E P, Brown J J, Blumwald E. Salt Tolerance and Crop Potential of Halophytes. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 1999; 18(2): 227–255.
[12] Yamaguchi T, Blumwald E. Developing salt-tolerant crop plants: challenges and opportunities. Trends in Plant Science, 2005; 10(12): 615–620.
[13] Liu Y, Yang H, Wang K, Lu T, Zhang F. Shallow subsurface pipe drainage in Xinjiang lowers soil salinity and improves cotton seed yield. Transactions of the CSAE, 2014; 30(16): 84–90. (in Chinese)
[14] Guo G, Araya K, Jia H, Zhang Z, Ohomiya K, Matsuda J. Improvement of salt-affected soils, part 1: interception of capillarity. Biosystems Engineering, 2006; 94(1): 139–150.
[15] Liu C, Li Q, Li X. Effect of deep tillage on amelioration and utilization of soda-alkaline upland fields. Soils, 2007; 39(2): 306–309. (in Chinese)
[16] Liu G, Zhang X, Wang X, Shao H, Yang J, Wang X. Soil enzymes as indicators of saline soil fertility under various soil amendments. Agr Ecosyst Environ, 2017; 237: 274–279.
[17] Yu J, Wang Z, Meixner F X, Yang F, Wu H, Chen X. Biogeochemical characterizations and reclamation strategies of saline sodic soil in Northeastern China. Clean-Soil Air Water, 2010; 38(11): 1010–1016.
[18] Zhao Y, Pang H, Li Y, Hu X, Wang J, Gao H. Effects of straw interlayer on soil water and salt movement and sunflower photosynthetic characteristics in saline-alkali soils. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013; 33(17): 5153–5161. (In Chinese)
[19] Njoku K L, Akinola M O, Oboh B O. Growth and performance of Glycine max L. (Merrill) grown in crude oil contaminated soil augmented with cow dung. Life Science Journal, 2008; 5(3): 89–93.
[20] Flury M. Experimental evidence of transport of pesticides through field soils: a review. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1996; 25(1): 25–45.
[21] Mori Y, Iwama K, Maruyama T, Mitsuno T. Discriminating the influence of soil texture and management-induced changes in macropore flow using soft X-rays. Soil Science 1999; 164(7): 467–482.
[22] Mori Y, Hirai Y. Effective vertical solute transport in soils by artificial macropore system. Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste, 2014; 18(2): 1–7.
[23] Atkinson J L, Mccarty L B, Bridges W C. Effect of core aerification frequency, area impacted, and topdressing rate on turf quality and soil physical properties. Agronomy Journal, 2012; 104(6): 1710–1715.
[24] Liu X, Yang C, Xu Y, Tantai G, Jia L, Li T. Effect of aeration on turf and the microbial activity and organic matter of soil. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2013; 21(1): 174–179. (in Chinese)
[25] Zhang B, Ma C, Ma L, Jia L, Jia Z, Liu H. Mechanism of sand column in improving coastal saline soil. Transactions of the CSAM, 2013; 44(6): 122–127. (in Chinese)
[26] Zhang Y, Li H, Hu H, Chen W, Wang X, Niu Q. Design and experiment on rear suspended passive aerator in saline-alkali land. Transactions of the CSAE, 2016; 32(18): 42–49. (in Chinese)
[27] Zhou M, Sun L, Du X, Zhao Y, Xin L. Optimal design and experiment of rice pot seedling transplanting mechanism with planetary Bezier gears. Transactions of the ASABE, 2014; 57(6): 1537–1548.
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Published
2021-02-10
How to Cite
Zhang, Y., Li, H., Zhang, R., & Ding, S. (2021). Simulated annealing optimization and experiments of a five-bar aerating mechanism for vertically aerating on salt-affected lands. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 14(1), 151–156. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/5322
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Power and Machinery Systems
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