Influence of UAV flight speed on droplet deposition characteristics with the application of infrared thermal imaging
Keywords:
spray test, UAV flight speed, droplet deposition characteristics, droplet analysis, image processing, infrared thermal imagingAbstract
A plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applied for spraying pesticide has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and environmental protection. However, the complex and changeable farmland environment is not conductive to perform spray test effectively. It is therefore necessary to carry out spray test under controlled conditions. The current study aimed to illuminate the variation law of droplet deposition characteristics under different UAV flight speeds, and to verify the feasibility for applying infrared thermal imaging in detection of droplet deposition effects. A UAV simulation platform with an airborne spray system was established and an analysis program Droplet Analysis for dealing with water-sensitive paper was developed. The results showed that, when the flight speed was set at 0.3 m/s, 0.5 m/s, 0.7 m/s, 0.9 m/s and 1 m/s, respectively, the droplet deposition density, droplet deposition coverage and arithmetic mean of droplet size D0 decreased as the UAV flight speed increased. On the contrary, the droplet diameter variation coefficient CV increased with the increase of UAV flight speed, resulting in the worse uniformity of sprayed droplet distribution as well. The results can provide a theoretical support for optimizing the spraying parameters of plant protection UAV, and demonstrate the practicability of infrared thermal imaging in evaluating the droplet deposition in the field of aerial spraying. Keywords: spray test, UAV flight speed, droplet deposition characteristics, droplet analysis, image processing, infrared thermal imaging DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191203.4868 Citation: Lv M Q, Xiao S P, Tang Y, He Y. Influence of UAV flight speed on droplet deposition characteristics with the application of infrared thermal imaging. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(3): 10–17.References
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[27] Fan Q N. The research on the pesticide spray system using for the mini unmanned helicopte. Nanjing Forestry University, 2011. (in Chinese)
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[33] Zhao S, Castle G S P, Adamiak K. Factors affecting deposition in electrostatic pesticide spraying. Journal of Electrostatics, 2008; 66(11): 594–601.
[2] Gossen B D, GaryPeng, Wolf T M, McDonald M R. Improving spray retention to enhance the efficacy of foliar-applied disease- and pest-management products in field and row crops. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 2008; 30(4): 505–516.
[3] Berger-Neto A, Jaccoud-Filho D D S, Wutzki C R, Tullio H E, Pierre M L C, Manfron F, et al. Effect of spray droplet size, spray volume and fungicide on the control of white mold in soybeans. Crop Protection, 2017; 92: 190–197.
[4] Cui L F, Mao H P, Xue X Y, Ding S M, Qiao B Y. Optimized design and test for a pendulum suspension of the crop spray boom in dynamic conditions based on a six DOF motion simulator. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(3): 76–85.
[5] Thomson S J, Womac A R, Mulrooney J E. Reducing pesticide drift by considering propeller rotation effects from aerial application near buffer zones. Sustainable Agriculture Research, 2013; 2(3): 41–51.
[6] Garcerá C, Román C, Moltó E, Chueca P, Abad R, Grafulla C, et al. Comparison between standard and drift reducing nozzles for pesticide application in citrus: Part II. Effects on canopy spray distribution, control efficacy of Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), beneficial parasitoids and pesticide residues on fruit. Crop Protection, 2017; 94: 83–96.
[7] Heidary M A, Douzals J P, Sinfort C, Vallet A. Influence of spray characteristics on potential spray drift of field crop sprayers: A literature review. Crop Protection, 2014; 63(5): 120–130.
[8] Yuan H Z, Yang D B, Yan X J, Zhang L N. Pesticide efficiency and the way to optimize the spray application. Plant Protection, 2011, 37(5): 14–20.
[9] Torrent X, Garcerá C, Moltó E, Chueca P, Abad R, Grafulla C, et al. Comparison between standard and drift reducing nozzles for pesticide application in citrus: Part I. Effects on wind tunnel and field spray drift. Crop Protection, 2017; 96: 130–143.
[10] Markle J C, Niederholzer F J, Zalom F G. Evaluation of spray application methods for navel orangeworm control in almonds. Pest Management Science, 2016; 72(12): 2339–2346.
[11] Meng Y H, Lan Y B, Mei G Y, Guo Y W, Song J L, Wang Z G. Effect of aerial spray adjuvant applying on the efficiency of small unmanned aerial vehicle on wheat aphids control. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(5): 46–53.
[12] Zhang D Y, Lan Y B, Chen L P, Wang X, Liang D. Current status and future trends of agricultural aerial spraying technology in China. Transactions of the CSAM, 2014; 45(10): 53–59. (in Chinese)
[13] Shamshiri R R, Hameed I A, Balasundram S K, Ahmad D, Weltzien C, Yamin M. Fundamental research on unmanned aerial vehicles to support precision agriculture in oil palm plantations Agricultural Robots - Fundamentals and Applications, 2018; DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.80936
[14] Zhou Z Y, Ming R, Zang Y, He X G, Luo X W, Lan Y B. Development status and countermeasures of agricultural aviation in China. Transactions of the CSAE, 2017; 33(20): 1–13.
[15] Wang S L, Song J L, He X K, Song L, Wang X N, Wang C L, et al. Performances evaluation of four typical unmanned aerial vehicles used for pesticide application in China. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(4): 22–31.
[16] Grella M, Gil E, Balsari P, Marucco P, Gallart M. Advances in developing a new test method to assess spray drift potential from air blast sprayers. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2017; 15(3): e0207
[17] Zhang J, He X K, Song L J, Zeng A J, Liu Y J, Li X F. Influence of spraying parameters of unmanned aircraft on droplets deposition. Transactions of the CSAM, 2012; 43(12): 94–96. (in Chinese)
[18] Qin W C, Xue X Y, Zhou L X, Zhang S C, Sun Z, Kong W, et al. Effects of spraying parameters of unmanned aerial vehicle on droplets deposition distribution of maize canopies. Transactions of the CSAE, 2014; 30(5): 50–56, 57. (in Chinese)
[19] Zhang S C, Xue X Y, Qin W C, Sun Z, Ding S M, Zhou L X. Simulation and experimental verification of aerial spraying drift on N-3 unmanned spraying helicopter. Transactions of the CSAE, 2015; 31(3): 87–93. (in Chinese)
[20] Wang J, Lan Y B, Zhang H H, Zhang Y L, Wen S, Yao W X, et al. Drift and deposition of pesticide applied by UAV on pineapple plants under different meteorological conditions. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(6): 5–12.
[21] Zhang Y C, Li Y J, He L, Liu F, Cen H Y, Fang H. Near ground platform development to simulate UAV aerial spraying and its spraying test under different conditions. Computers & Electronics in Agriculture, 2018; 148: 8–18.
[22] Zhu H, Salyani M, Fox R D. A portable scanning system for evaluation of spray deposit distribution. Computers & Electronics in Agriculture, 2011; 76(1): 38–43.
[23] Cunha M, Carvalho C, Marcal A R S. Assessing the ability of image processing software to analyse spray quality on water-sensitive papers used as artificial targets. Biosystems Engineering, 2012; 111(1): 11–23.
[24] Fan Q N. The research on the pesticide spray system using for the mini unmanned helicopter. Nanjing Forestry University, 2011. (in Chinese)
[25] Xue X Y, Lan Y B, Sun Z, Chang C, Hoffmann W C. Develop an unmanned aerial vehicle based automatic aerial spraying system. Computers & Electronics in Agriculture, 2016; 128: 58–66.
[26] Foqué D, Nuyttens D. Effects of nozzle type and spray angle on spray deposition in ivy pot plants. Pest Management Science, 2011; 67(2): 199–208.
[27] Fan Q N. The research on the pesticide spray system using for the mini unmanned helicopte. Nanjing Forestry University, 2011. (in Chinese)
[28] Abd Elaziz M, Oliva D, Ewees A A, Xiong S W. Multi-level thresholding-based grey scale image segmentation using multi-objective multi-verse optimizer. Expert Systems with Applications, 2019; 125: 112–129.
[29] Ohtsu N. A Threshold selection method from gray-level histograms. IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics, 1979; 9(1): 62–66.
[30] Collins T J. ImageJ for microscopy. BioTechniques, 2007; 43(Supp): 25–30.
[31] MH/T 1040-2011. Determination application rates and distribution patterns from aerial application equipment.
[32] Miller P C H, Ellis M C B, Lane A G, O'sullivan C M, Tuck C R. Methods for minimising drift and off-target exposure from boom sprayer applications. Aspects of Applied Biology, 2011; 106: 281–288.
[33] Zhao S, Castle G S P, Adamiak K. Factors affecting deposition in electrostatic pesticide spraying. Journal of Electrostatics, 2008; 66(11): 594–601.
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Published
2019-06-05
How to Cite
Lv, M., Xiao, S., Yu, T., & He, Y. (2019). Influence of UAV flight speed on droplet deposition characteristics with the application of infrared thermal imaging. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 12(3), 10–17. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/4868
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Applied Science, Engineering and Technology
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