Maturity assessment of tomato fruit based on electrical impedance spectroscopy
Keywords:
tomato fruit, maturity, discriminate analysis, electrical impedance spectroscopyAbstract
Ripening is important to tomato quality, taste and nutrition. In this study, the maturity of plant-fruit was on-line investigated based on electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrodes with sensing unit for contact force between samples and electrodes were designed. After fruits turn into green-white, impedance measurements were conducted on the fruit samples at various ripening stages in the range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz. The optimal frequencies (100 Hz, 1 kHz and 1 MHz) for maturity assessment were selected and five electrical impedance parameters at three sensitive frequencies were determined. The equivalent circuit model with CPE was developed and the model performance was evaluated. The soluble solid content and pH of fruit were determined and analyzed to explain the variations in EIS parameters sufficiently. Results showed that the impedance, phase angle, resistance, reactance and capacitance increased with the progression of maturity. The selected impedance parameters could be used to classify tomato samples into immature class or mature class with the accuracy of 88.3%. Impedance analysis for different samples from the same branch demonstrated that the ripening stage of all other samples could be predicted and assessed by the impedance spectroscopy from one sample. Keywords: tomato fruit, maturity, discriminate analysis, electrical impedance spectroscopy DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191204.4664 Citation: Li J Y, Xu Y, Zhu W J, Wei X H, Sun H W. Maturity assessment of tomato fruit based on electrical impedance spectroscopy. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(4): 154–161.References
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[35] Varlan A R, Sansen W. Nondestructive electrical impedance analysis in fruit: normal ripening and injuries characterization. Electro-Magnetobiology, 1996; 15: 213–227.
[36] Macdonald J R. Impedance spectroscopy. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1992; 20: 289–305.
[37] Li M Q, Li J Y, Mao H P, Wu Y Y. Diagnosis and detection of phosphorus nutrition level for Solanum lycopersium base on the electrical impedance spectroscopy. Biosystems Engineering, 2016; 143: 108–118.
[38] Li J Y, Li M Q, Mao H P, Zhu W J. Diagnosis of potassium nutrition level in Solanum lycopersicum based on electrical impedance. Biosystems Engineering, 2016; 147: 130–138.
[2] Atanu C, Tushar K B, Dibyendu G, Badal C. Electrical impedance variations in banana ripening: an analytical study with electrical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 2017; 40(2): 1–14.
[3] Harker F R, Dunlop J. Electrical impedance studies of nectarines during cool storage and fruit ripening. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 1994; 4(1): 125–134.
[4] Harker F R, Maindonald J H. Ripening of nectarine fruit. Plant Physiology, 1994; 106:165–171.
[5] Inaba A, Iwamoto T. Electrical impedance analysis of tissue properties associated with ethylene induction by electric currents in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruit. Plant Physiology, 1995; 107(1): 199–205.
[6] Bauchot A D, Harker R F, Michael A W. The use of electrical impedance spectroscopy to assess the physiological condition of kiwifruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2000; 18: 9–18.
[7] Thibault N, Jacques J, Fabrice D, Marc C, Mathieu L. Robust NIRS models for non-destructive prediction of mango internal quality. Scientia Horticultrae, 2017; 216: 51–57.
[8] Dolores P M, Maria T S, Patricia P, Maria A S, Jose E G, Ana G V. Non-destructive determination of quality parameters in nectarines during on-tree ripening and post-harvest storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2009; 52: 180–188.
[9] Jha S N, Narsaiah K, Jaiswal P, Bhardwai R, Gupta M, Kumar R, Sharma R. Nondestructive prediction of maturity of mango using near infrared spectroscopy. J. Food Eng, 2014; 124: 152–157.
[10] Saranwong S, Sornsrivichai J, Kawano S. Prediction of ripe-stage eating quality of mango fruit from its harvest quality measured nondestructively by near infrared spectroscopy. Postharvest Biol, Tecnol, 2004; 31: 137–145.
[11] Subedi P, WalshK B, Owens G. Prediction of mango eating quality at harvest using short-wave near infrared spectrometry. Postharvest Biol, Technol, 2007; 43: 326–324.
[12] Stefany C P, Jorge C P, Juan V M M, Georgina C D, Ruben L S, Maria J P F, Israel A V. Evaluation of the ripening stages of apple (Golden Delicious) by means of computer vision systems. Biosystems Engineering, 2017; 159: 46–58.
[13] Hahn F. Multi-spectral prediction of unripe tomatoes. Biosystems Engineering, 2002; 81: 147–155.
[14] Rehman M, Basem A J A, Izneid A, Abdullan M Z, Arshad M R. Assessment of quality of fruits using impedance spectroscopy. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2011; 46: 1303–309.
[15] Padmanabhan P A, Paliyath. Solanaceous fruits including tomato, eggplant, and peppers. Encyclopedia of Food & Health, 2016: 24–32.
[16] Anowar hossain M D, Rana M, Kimura Y, Roslan H A. Changes in biochemical characteristics and activities of ripening associated enzymes in mango fruit during the storage at different temperatures. BioMed Res. Int, 2014; 2014(2014): 1–11.
[17] Vozáry E, Jócsák I, Droppa M, Bóka K. Connection between structural changes and electrical parameters of pea root tissue under Anoxia: in P. Padilla (Eds.) Anoxia, Tech, Croatia, Rijeka, 2012; pp.131–146.
[18] Khaled D El, Castellano N N, Gazquez J A, García Salvador R M, Manzano-Agugliaro F. Cleaner quality control system using bioimpedance methods: A review for fruits and vegetables. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015; 140: 1749–1762.
[19] Pramote K, Anupun T. Minimally-destructive evaluation of durian maturity based on electrical impedance measurement. Journal of Food Engineering, 2013; 116: 50–56.
[20] Tomkiewicz D, Piskier T. A plant based sensing method for nutrition stress monitoring. Precis. Agric, 2012; 13(3): 370–383.
[21] Muñoz-Huerta R F, ORTIZ-Melendez A D J, Guevara-Gonzalez R G, Torres-Pacheco I, Herrera-Ruiz G, Contreras-Medina L M, et al. An analysis of electrical impedance measurements applied for plant N status estimation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Sensors, 2014; 14: 11492–11503.
[22] Liu X. Electrical impedance spectroscopy applied in plant physiology studies. M.Sc. Thesis; RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia, 2006.
[23] Jackson P J, Harker F R. Apple bruise detection by electrical impedance measurement. Postharvest Biology and Technology. HortScience, 2000; 35(1): 104–107.
[24] Anthon G E, LeStrange M, Barrett D M. Changes in pH, acids, sugars and other quality parameters during extended vine holding of ripe processing tomatoes. J Sci Food Agric, 2011; 91(7): 1175–1181.
[25] Monti L M. The breeding of tomatoes for peeling. Acta Hortic, 1980; 100: 341–349.
[26] Benavente J, Ramos-Barrado J R, Heredia A. A study of the electrical behaviour of isolated tomato cuticular membranes and cutin by impedance spectroscopy measurements. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 1998; 140: 333–338.
[27] Pangaribuan D H, Irving D E. The physiology and nutrition of tomato slices as affected by fruit maturity and storage temperature. Jurnal Agrista, 2006; 10(3): 142–151.
[28] Nelson S N. Frequency- and temperature-dependent permittivities of fresh fruits and vegetables from 0.01 to 1.8 GHz. Transaction of the ASAE, 2003; 46(2): 567–574.
[29] Ferris C D. Introduction to Bioelectrodes. Plenum Press, New York, 1974.
[30] Ladaniya M S. Citrus fruit, biology, technology and evaluation. Elsevier Inc, Printed and bound in the USA, 2008; 574p.
[31] Rafael M, Miguel A, Ana F, Franciny C S, José M B, Luis G, et al. Design of a low-cost non-destructive system for punctual measurements of salt levels in food products using impedance spectroscopy. Sensors and Actuators A, 2010; 158: 217–223.
[32] Angersbach A, Heinz V, Knorr D. Electrophysiological model of intact and processed plant tissues: cell disintegeration criteria. Biotechnology Progress, 1999; 15: 753–762.
[33] Rehman, M, Abu Izneid BAJA, Abdullah M Z, Arshad M R. Assessment of quality of fruits using impedance spectroscopy. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2011; 46(6): 1303–1309.
[34] Li X S, Xu G, Huang L. Effect of plant growth regulator on electrical impedance spectroscopy during ripening process in kiwifruits. Transaction of the CSAE, 2015; 31(1): 288–293. (in Chinese).
[35] Varlan A R, Sansen W. Nondestructive electrical impedance analysis in fruit: normal ripening and injuries characterization. Electro-Magnetobiology, 1996; 15: 213–227.
[36] Macdonald J R. Impedance spectroscopy. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1992; 20: 289–305.
[37] Li M Q, Li J Y, Mao H P, Wu Y Y. Diagnosis and detection of phosphorus nutrition level for Solanum lycopersium base on the electrical impedance spectroscopy. Biosystems Engineering, 2016; 143: 108–118.
[38] Li J Y, Li M Q, Mao H P, Zhu W J. Diagnosis of potassium nutrition level in Solanum lycopersicum based on electrical impedance. Biosystems Engineering, 2016; 147: 130–138.
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Published
2019-08-01
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Li, J., Xu, Y., Zhu, W., Wei, X., & Sun, H. (2019). Maturity assessment of tomato fruit based on electrical impedance spectroscopy. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 12(4), 154–161. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/4664
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Information Technology, Sensors and Control Systems
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