Critical equation of seedling block falling off in transplanting process and the optimization experiment of rape blanket seedling transplanter
Keywords:
rape blanket seedling, transplanter, planting mechanism, seedling falling offAbstract
Considering both high efficiency and high seedling standing quality is a significant objective for crop mechanized transplanting. Rape blanket seedling transplanting is an innovative and efficient transplanting technique. However, falling off phenomenon has become a common problem facing rape blanket seedling transplanting fields that causes seedling standing quality decrease and restricts crop growth. In this study, the rape blanket seedling of Ningza-1838 varieties and 35 d of seedling age was taken as the research object. The critical falling off equations of seedling was established by dynamic analysis. Main factors affecting seedling falling off were obtained. The critical value of each factor was calculated which were as follows: the rotation speed of the planting mechanism was 24.6 rad/s, the substrate moisture content was 50.4% and the longitudinal picking seedling quantity was 14.7 mm. Taking the seedling falling off rate as evaluation index, the measured critical value of seedling falling off was determined by high speed photography experiment. Under the condition that substrate moisture content was 55% and the longitudinal seedling quantity was 15 mm, the seedling falling off rate sharply increased when the transplanting mechanism rotation speed was increased from 24 rad/s to 26 rad/s. Under the condition that the rotation speed was 22 rad/s and the longitudinal picking seedling quantity was 15 mm, the seedling falling off rate rapidly decreased when the moisture content was increased from 47% to 53%. When moisture content exceeded 53%, this exhibited no obvious change. Under the condition that the moisture content was 50% and the rotation speed was 22 rad/s, the seedling falling off rate swiftly raised when the longitudinal picking seedling quantity was increased from 14 mm to 17 mm. The experimental results showed that the seedling falling off rate increased significantly near the critical value. The experimental results showed that the seedling falling off rate changed significantly near the critical value. It proved that the model was correct. Response surface experiments with the Box-Behnken design were conducted to determine the optimal combination parameters, which were as follows: substrate moisture content was 56.24%, planting mechanism rotation speed was 22.04 rad/s, and longitudinal picking seedling quantity was 14.91 mm. At this time, the seedling falling off rate was 1.36%, which ensured that seedlings could be transplanted stably under the carrier of seedling needle. The verification test was conducted, and the working parameters were adjusted according to the optimization results in experiment. The results of verification test were highly consistent with the optimization solution. The present study may provide a theoretical method for improving seedling standing quality of rape blanket seedling, and laid a foundation for the popularization and development of rape carpet seedling transplanting. Keywords: rape blanket seedling, transplanter, planting mechanism, seedling falling off DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191205.4537 Citation: Jiang L, Wu C Y, Tang Q, Zhang M, Wang G, Wu J. Critical equation of seedling block falling off in transplanting process and the optimization experiment of rape blanket seedling transplanter. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(5): 87–96.References
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[2] Forleo M B, Palmieri N, Suardi A, Coaloa D. The eco-efficiency of rapeseed and sunflower cultivation in Italy. Joining environmental and economic assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018; 172: 3138–3153.
[3] Qiong H, Wei H, Yan Y, Xue K Z, Li J L, Jia Q S, et al. Rapeseed research and production in China. The Crop Journal, 2017; 5(2): 127–135.
[4] Fu D H, Jiang L Y, Annaliese S M, Xiao M L, Zhu L R, Li L Z, et al. Research progress and strategies for multifunctional rapeseed: A case study of China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016; 15(8): 1673–1684.
[5] Kusek G, Ozturk H H, Akdemir S. An assessment of energy use of different cultivation methods for sustainable rapeseed production. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016; 112: 2772–2783.
[6] Li L H, Wang C, Zhang X Y, Sarker K K. Mechanized cultivation technology of seedling-growing bowl tray made of paddy-straw and its effects on rice production. International Agricultural Engineering Journal, 2015; 24(3): 97–103.
[7] Gu X B, Li Y N, Huang P, Du Y D, Fang H. Effects of planting patterns and nitrogen application rates on yield, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Transactions of the CSAE, 2018; 34(10): 113–123. (in Chinese)
[8] Liu Z Y, Sun J, Chen C, Hu J K. A Design of the Drilling Mechanism for rape transplanter. Journal of Jiaxing University, 2017; 29(6): 89–93. (in Chinese)
[9] Liao Q X, Hu X P, Zhang Z, Liu M F. Analysis on detaching process of detaching device and seedling pot integrity about rape transplanter. Transactions of the CSAE, 2015; 31(16): 22–29. (in Chinese)
[10] Jin X, Li D Y, Ma H, Ji J T, Zhao K X, Pang J. Development of single row automatic transplanting device for potted vegetable seedlings. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(3): 67–75.
[11] Satpathy S K, Garg I K. Effect of selected parameters on the performance of a semi-automatic vegetable transplanter. Ama Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa & Latin America, 2008; 39(2): 47–51.
[12] Wang Y W, He Z L, Wang J, Wu C Y, Yu G H, Tang Y H. Experiment on transplanting performance of automatic vegetable pot seedling transplanter for dry land. Transactions of the CSAE, 2018; 34(3): 19–25. (in Chinese)
[13] Kumar G V P, Raheman H. Automatic feeding mechanism of a vegetable transplanter. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2012; 5(2): 20–27.
[14] Guo L S, Zhang W J. Kinematic analysis of a rice transplanting mechanism with eccentric planetary gear trains. Mechanism & Machine Theory, 2001; 36(11): 1175–1188.
[15] Ye B L, Yi W M, Yu G H, Gao Y, Zhao X. Optimization design and test of rice plug seedling transplanting mechanism of planetary gear train with incomplete eccentric circular gear and non-circular gears. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(6): 43–55.
[16] Xin L, Lv Z J, Wang W Q, Zhou M L, Zhao Y. Optimal design and development of a double-crank potted rice seedling transplanting mechanism. Transactions of the ASABE, 2017; 60(1): 31–40.
[17] Ji J T, Jin X, Du X W, He Z T, Zhao Z H. Motion trajectory analysis and performance test of up-film punch transplanting mechanism. International Agricultural Engineering Journal, 2015; 24(2): 30–38.
[18] Wu C Y, Wu J, Zhang M, Tang Q. Research on machine transplanting techniques of blanket rapeseed. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2016; 37(12): 6–10. (in Chinese)
[19] Wu J, Tang Q, Yuan W S, Wang S F, Wu C Y. Design and parameter optimization of ditching and compacting parts of rapeseed carpet seedling transplanter. Transactions of the CSAE, 2016; 32(21): 46–53. (in Chinese)
[20] Wang S F. Research on mechanism and parameter optimization of rapeseed mat seedling cutting and transplantation. MS dissertation. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2016. (in Chinese)
[21] Jin X, Ji J T, Liu W X, He Y K, Du X W. Structural optimization of duckbilled transplanter based on dynamic model of pot seedling movement. Transactions of the CSAE, 2018; 34(9): 58–67. (in Chinese)
[22] Liu J D, Cao W B, Tian D Y, Ouyang Y N, Zhao H Z. Optimization experiment of transplanting actuator parameters based on mechanical property of seedling pot. Transactions of the CSAE, 2016; 32(16): 32–39. (in Chinese)
[23] Qian D H, Zhang J X. A summary of study of adhesion and friction between soil and metals. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 1984; 1: 69–78.
[24] Chen J N, Xia X D, Wang Y, Yan J J, Zhang P H. Motion differential equations of seedling in duckbilled planting nozzle and its application experiment. Transactions of the CSAE, 2015; 31(3): 31–39. (in Chinese)
[25] Liu J D, Cao W B, Tian D Y, Tang H Y, Zhao H Z. Kinematic analysis and experiment of planetary five-bar planting mechanism for zero-speed transplanting on mulch film. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2016; 9(4): 84–91.
[26] Zhang G F, Zhao Y, Chen J N. Characteristic analysis of rice plotted-seedling’ s motion in air and on turbination-type guide-canal. Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science), 2009; 43(3): 529–534. (in Chinese)
[27] Liu H L, Zhang W. Study on trajectory path and landing form of corn planting seedling. Journal of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 2016; 28(3): 124–128. (in Chinese)
[28] Kumar G V P, Raheman H. Development of a walk-behind type hand tractor powered vegetable transplanter for paper pot seedlings. Biosystems Engineering, 2011; 110(2): 189–197.
[29] Dai L, Sun L, Zhao X, Zhao Y. Parameters optimization of separating-planting mechanism in transplanter based on kinematics objective function. Transactions of the CSAE, 2014; 30(3): 35–42. (in Chinese)
[30] Jin X, Pang J, Ji J T, Du X W, He Z T, Wang S G. Experiment and simulation analysis on high-speed up-film transplanting mechanism. International Agricultural Engineering Journal, 2017; 26(3): 105-112.
[31] Li X Q,Ma L,Xiong S, Jin X, Geng L X, Ji J T. High-speed camera analysis of seed corn ear bare hand threshing. International Agricultural Engineering Journal, 2017; 26(1): 60-67.
[32] Wang J W, Tang H, Wang J F, Jiang D X, Li X. Measurement and analysis of restitution coefficient between maize seed and soil based on high-speed photography. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(3): 102–114.
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Published
2019-10-14
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Jiang, L., Wu, C., Tang, Q., Zhang, M., Wang, G., & Wu, J. (2019). Critical equation of seedling block falling off in transplanting process and the optimization experiment of rape blanket seedling transplanter. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 12(5), 87–96. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/4537
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Power and Machinery Systems
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