Effects of water stress at different growth stages on comprehensive fruit quality and yield in different bunches of tomatoes in greenhouses
Keywords:
water stress, growth stages, tomato, comprehensive fruit quality, yield, greenhouseAbstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tomato quality and yield between different bunches and the differences between the two comprehensive evaluation methods on tomato quality ranking under water stress. Two degrees of water stress including mild water stress (W1) and moderate water stress (W2), and three growth stages that water stress applied including seedling stage (S1), flowering stage (S2) and fruit expanding stage (S3) were tested in this study. The yield and quality of different bunches of tomatoes under water stress during different growth stages were determined as responses, and the comprehensive fruit quality ranking and yield of the second and third bunches were evaluated. The results showed that water stress was important for the improvement of fruit quality, but fruit yield decreased during water stress. The yield of the third tomato bunch decreased from 11.69% (W1S1) to 30.60% (W2S2) compared to control (97.57 t/hm2), and the effects of mild water stress on fruit yield were minimal at the early growth stage. However, the fruit quality in terms of soluble sugar (SS), total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C (VC), and firmness (F) improved under water stress compared to control. The combined effects of water stress and its application period significantly affected SS and TSS. Water stress significantly improved the content of SS and TSS in the later growth period compared to seedling and flowering stages. Meanwhile, there was a significant difference in tomato quality between the second and third bunches of fruit, especially in the content of SS, organic acid (OA) and lycopene (L). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) were used to evaluate comprehensive fruit quality, and the best treatment in terms of the fruit quality was W1S3 for both bunches. The rank-sum ratio (RSR) method was used to evaluate fruit quality and yield, the results showed that W1S3 ranked first based on PCA and W1S1 ranked first based on GRA. Water stress enhanced tomato quality but inevitably reduced its yield during each growth stage. The application of mild water stress during the fruit expanding stage (W1S3) was considered to be the best treatment to provide satisfactory fruit quality and yield based on RSR. Keywords: water stress, growth stages, tomato, comprehensive fruit quality, yield, greenhouse DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191203.4468 Citation: Hao S X, Cao H X, Wang H B, Pan X Y. Effects of water stress at different growth stages on comprehensive fruit quality and yield in different bunches of tomatoes in greenhouses. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(3): 67–76.References
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[22] Wang P, Li J, Ding J, Liu G, Pan T, Du Q, et al Effect of water and fertilizer coupling on quality, yield and water use efficiency of tomato cultivated by organic substrate in bag. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015; 48(2): 314–323. (in Chinese)
[23] Li W, Gao H, Chen H, Wu W, Fang X. Evaluation of comprehensive quality of different varieities of bayberry based on principle components analysis. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2017; 17(6): 161–171. (in Chinese)
[24] Gong L, Meng X, Liu N, Bi J. Evaluation of apple quality based on principle component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Transactions of the CSAE, 2014; 30(13): 276–285. (in Chinese)
[25] Liu K, Huang C, Leng J, Chen K, Yan Y, Gu Q, et al. Principle component analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the fruit quality of 'Jinkui' kiwifruit. Journal of Fruit Science, 2012; 29(5): 867–871.
[26] Bao J, Qiao G, Liu P, Chen N, Wen X. Evaluating fruit qualities of different sweet cherry cultivars. Journal of Huazhong Argicultural University, 2016; 35(3): 12–16. (in Chinese)
[27] Song J, Liu C, Jiang X, Li D. Comprehensive evaluation of vegetable soybean quality by principle component analysis and cluster analysis. Food Science, 2015; 36(13): 12–17. (in Chinese)
[28] Huang Y, Shen L, Liu H. Grey relational analysis, principal component analysis and forecasting of carbon emissions based on long short-term memory in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019; 209: 415–423.
[29] Liu M, Tian Q, Wang Z, Li H. Comprehensive evaluation of the quality of health care service of Henan Province in 2014 using TOPSIS combinde with rank-sum ratio method. Journal of Zhengzhou University (Medical Sciences), 2016; 51(5): 617–622. (in Chinese)
[30] Huang J, Li X. The korla fragrant pear color grading based on colorimeter. Northen Horticulture, 2018; 17: 38–44. (in Chinese)
[31] Li X, Wang Z, Zhang L, Zou C, Dorrell D D. State-of-health estimation for Li-ion batteries by combing the incremental capacity analysis method with grey relational analysis. Journal of Power Sources, 2019; 410-411: 106–114.
[32] Ashok Kumar J , Abirami S. Aspect-based opinion ranking framework for product reviews using a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient method. Information Sciences, 2018; 460-461: 23–41.
[33] Sarker K K, Akanda M A R, Biswas S K, Roy D K, Khatun A, Goffar M A. Field performance of alternate wetting and drying furrow irrigation on tomato crop growth, yield, water use efficiency, quality and profitability. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016; 15(10): 2380–2392.
[34] Martí R, Valcárcel M, Leiva-Brondo M, Lahoz I, Campillo C, Roselló S, et al. Influence of controlled deficit irrigation on tomato functional value. Food Chemistry, 2018; 252: 250–257.
[35] Ghanbarpour E, Rezaei M, Lawson S. Reduction of cracking in pomegranate fruit after foliar application of humic acid, calcium-boron and kaolin during water stress. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 2019; 61(1): 29–37.
[36] Griñán I, Morales D, Galindo A, Torrecillas A, Pérez-López D, Moriana A, et al. Effect of preharvest fruit bagging on fruit quality characteristics and incidence of fruit physiopathies in fully irrigated and water stressed pomegranate trees. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2019; 99(3): 1425–1433.
[37] Patanè C, Tringali S, Sortino O. Effects of deficit irrigation on biomass, yield, water productivity and fruit quality of processing tomato under semi-arid Mediterranean climate conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 2011; 129(4): 590–596.
[38] Romero-Trigueros C, Parra M, Bayona J M, Nortes P A, Alarcón J J, Nicolás E. Effect of deficit irrigation and reclaimed water on yield and quality of grapefruits at harvest and postharvest. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 2017; 85: 405–411.
[39] Calderon-Orellana A, Bambach N, Aburto F, Calderón M. Water deficit synchronizes berry color development in crimson seedless table grapes. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 2019; 70(1): 60-67.
[40] Veit-Köhler U, Krumbein A, Kosegarten H. Effect of different water supply on plant growth and fruit quality of Lycopersicon esculentum. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 1999; 162(6): 583–588.
[41] Guichard S, Gary C, Longuenesse J J, Leonardi C. Water fluxes and growth of greenhouse tomato fruits unser summer conditions. ActaHortic, 1999; 507(26): 223–230.
[42] Kumar P S, Singh Y, Nangare D D, Bhagat K, Kumar M, Taware P B, et al. Influence of growth stage specific water stress on the yield, physico-chemical quality and functional characteristics of tomato grown in shallow basaltic soils. Scientia Horticulturae, 2015; 197: 261–271.
[43] Geng Y J, Chen L, Yang C, Jiao D Y, Zhang Y H, Cai Z Q. Dry-season deficit irrigation increases agricultural water use efficiency at the expense of yield and agronomic nutrient use efficiency of Sacha Inchi plants in a tropical humid monsoon area. Industrial Crops and Products, 2017; 109: 570–578.
[44] Cui N, Du T, Kang S, Li F, Zhang J, Wang M, et al. Regulated deficit irrigation improved fruit quality and water use efficiency of pear-jujube trees. Agricultural Water Management, 2008; 95(4): 489–497.
[45] Hao S, Cao H, Wang H, Pan X. The physiological responses of tomato to water stress and re-water in different growth periods. Scientia Horticulturae, 2019; 249: 143–154.
[46] Chen J, Kang S, Du T, Qiu R, Guo P, Chen R. Quantitative response of greenhouse tomato yield and quality to water deficit at different growth stages. Agricultural Water Management, 2013; 129: 152–162.
[2] Hashem M S, El-Abedin T Z, Al-Ghobari H M. Assessing effects of deficitirrigation techniques on water productivity of tomato for subsurface drip irrigation system. Int J Agric &Biol Eng, 2018; 11(4): 156–165.
[3] Zhu J, Wu H, Yang S, Wang C. Technology optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction for lycopene from lyophilized tomato powder. Transactions of the CSAE, 2013, 29(18): 284–291. (in Chinese)
[4] Shariffa Y N, Tan T B, Uthumporn U, Abas F, Mirhosseini H, Nehdi I A, et al. Producing a lycopene nanodispersion: Formulation development and the effects of high pressure homogenization. Food Research International, 2017; 101: 165–172.
[5] Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Zhang X. Exploring the effects of selenium treatment on the nutritional quality of tomato fruit. Food Chemistry, 2018; 252(2018): 9–15.
[6] Wang F, Kang S, Du T, Li F, Qiu R. Determination of comprehensive quality index for tomato and its response to different irrigation treatments. Agricultural Water Management, 2011; 98(8): 1228–1238.
[7] Panigrahi B, Roy D P, Panda S N. Water use and yield response of tomato
as influenced by drip and furrow irrigation. International Agricultural Engineering Journal, 2010; 19(1): 19–30.
[8] Ramlow M, Foster E J, Del Grosso S J, Cotrufo M F. Broadcast woody biochar provides limited benefits to deficit irrigation maize in Colorado. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2019; 269: 71–81.
[9] Buttaro D, Santamaria P, Signore A, Cantore V, Boari F, Montesano F F, et al. Irrigation management of greenhouse tomato and cucumber using tensiometer: effects on yield, quality and water use. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 2015; 4: 440–444.
[10] Coyago-Cruz E, Corell M, Stinco C M, Hernanz D, Moriana A, Meléndez-Martínez A J. Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on quality parameters, carotenoids and phenolics of diverse tomato varieties (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Food Research International, 2017; 96: 72–83.
[11] El Jaouhari N, Abouabdillah A, Bouabid R, Bourioug M, Aleya L, Chaoui M. Assessment of sustainable deficit irrigation in a Moroccan apple orchard as a climate change adaptation strategy. Science of The Total Environment, 2018; 642: 574–581.
[12] Conesa M R, García-Salinas M D, de la Rosa J M, Fernández-Trujillo J P, Domingo R, Pérez-Pastor A. Effects of deficit irrigation applied during fruit growth period of late mandarin trees on harvest quality, cold storage and subsequent shelf-life. Scientia Horticulturae, 2014; 165: 344–351.
[13] Zhou H M, Zhang F C, Roger K, Wu L F, Gong D Z, Zhao N, et al. Peach yield and fruit quality is maintained under mild deficit irrigation in semi-arid China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017; 16(5): 1173–1183.
[14] Xing Y, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Li J, Qiang S, Wu L. Effect of irrigation and fertilizer coupling on greenhouse tomato yield, quality, water and nitrogen utilization under fertigation. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015; 48(4): 713–726. (in Chinese)
[15] Papadaki A M, Bletsos F A, Eleftherohorinos I G, Menexes G, Lagopodi A L. Effectiveness of seven commercial rootstocks against verticillium wilt and their effects on growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomato. Crop Protection, 2017; 102: 25–31.
[16] Fan X, Gurtler J B, Sokorai K J B. Tomato type and post-treatment water rinse affect efficacy of acid washes against Salmonella enterica inoculated on stem scars of tomatoes and product quality. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2018; 280: 57–65.
[17] Wang X, Bi J, Liu X, Lv J, Yang A. Application of grey correlation analysis for evaluating the overall quality of fuji apples from different growing areas. Food Science, 2013; 34(23): 88–91. (in Chinese)
[18] Cao Y, Jiang Y, Gao H, Chen H, Fang X, Mu H, et al. Development of a model for quality evaluation of litchi fruit. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2014; 106: 49–55.
[19] Lan C-H, Huang Y-L, Ho S-H, Peng C-Y. Volatile organic compound identification and characterization by PCA and mapping at a high-technology science park. Environmental Pollution, 2014; 193: 156–164.
[20] Maćkiewicz A, Ratajczak W. Principal components analysis (PCA). Computers & Geosciences, 1993; 19(3): 303–342.
[21] Li Y, Sun Y, Liao S, Zou G, Zhao T, Chen Y, et al. Effects of two slow-release nitrogen fertilizers and irrigation on yield, quality, and water-fertilizer productivity of greenhouse tomato. Agricultural Water Management, 2017; 186: 139–146.
[22] Wang P, Li J, Ding J, Liu G, Pan T, Du Q, et al Effect of water and fertilizer coupling on quality, yield and water use efficiency of tomato cultivated by organic substrate in bag. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015; 48(2): 314–323. (in Chinese)
[23] Li W, Gao H, Chen H, Wu W, Fang X. Evaluation of comprehensive quality of different varieities of bayberry based on principle components analysis. Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology, 2017; 17(6): 161–171. (in Chinese)
[24] Gong L, Meng X, Liu N, Bi J. Evaluation of apple quality based on principle component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Transactions of the CSAE, 2014; 30(13): 276–285. (in Chinese)
[25] Liu K, Huang C, Leng J, Chen K, Yan Y, Gu Q, et al. Principle component analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the fruit quality of 'Jinkui' kiwifruit. Journal of Fruit Science, 2012; 29(5): 867–871.
[26] Bao J, Qiao G, Liu P, Chen N, Wen X. Evaluating fruit qualities of different sweet cherry cultivars. Journal of Huazhong Argicultural University, 2016; 35(3): 12–16. (in Chinese)
[27] Song J, Liu C, Jiang X, Li D. Comprehensive evaluation of vegetable soybean quality by principle component analysis and cluster analysis. Food Science, 2015; 36(13): 12–17. (in Chinese)
[28] Huang Y, Shen L, Liu H. Grey relational analysis, principal component analysis and forecasting of carbon emissions based on long short-term memory in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019; 209: 415–423.
[29] Liu M, Tian Q, Wang Z, Li H. Comprehensive evaluation of the quality of health care service of Henan Province in 2014 using TOPSIS combinde with rank-sum ratio method. Journal of Zhengzhou University (Medical Sciences), 2016; 51(5): 617–622. (in Chinese)
[30] Huang J, Li X. The korla fragrant pear color grading based on colorimeter. Northen Horticulture, 2018; 17: 38–44. (in Chinese)
[31] Li X, Wang Z, Zhang L, Zou C, Dorrell D D. State-of-health estimation for Li-ion batteries by combing the incremental capacity analysis method with grey relational analysis. Journal of Power Sources, 2019; 410-411: 106–114.
[32] Ashok Kumar J , Abirami S. Aspect-based opinion ranking framework for product reviews using a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient method. Information Sciences, 2018; 460-461: 23–41.
[33] Sarker K K, Akanda M A R, Biswas S K, Roy D K, Khatun A, Goffar M A. Field performance of alternate wetting and drying furrow irrigation on tomato crop growth, yield, water use efficiency, quality and profitability. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016; 15(10): 2380–2392.
[34] Martí R, Valcárcel M, Leiva-Brondo M, Lahoz I, Campillo C, Roselló S, et al. Influence of controlled deficit irrigation on tomato functional value. Food Chemistry, 2018; 252: 250–257.
[35] Ghanbarpour E, Rezaei M, Lawson S. Reduction of cracking in pomegranate fruit after foliar application of humic acid, calcium-boron and kaolin during water stress. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 2019; 61(1): 29–37.
[36] Griñán I, Morales D, Galindo A, Torrecillas A, Pérez-López D, Moriana A, et al. Effect of preharvest fruit bagging on fruit quality characteristics and incidence of fruit physiopathies in fully irrigated and water stressed pomegranate trees. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2019; 99(3): 1425–1433.
[37] Patanè C, Tringali S, Sortino O. Effects of deficit irrigation on biomass, yield, water productivity and fruit quality of processing tomato under semi-arid Mediterranean climate conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 2011; 129(4): 590–596.
[38] Romero-Trigueros C, Parra M, Bayona J M, Nortes P A, Alarcón J J, Nicolás E. Effect of deficit irrigation and reclaimed water on yield and quality of grapefruits at harvest and postharvest. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 2017; 85: 405–411.
[39] Calderon-Orellana A, Bambach N, Aburto F, Calderón M. Water deficit synchronizes berry color development in crimson seedless table grapes. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 2019; 70(1): 60-67.
[40] Veit-Köhler U, Krumbein A, Kosegarten H. Effect of different water supply on plant growth and fruit quality of Lycopersicon esculentum. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 1999; 162(6): 583–588.
[41] Guichard S, Gary C, Longuenesse J J, Leonardi C. Water fluxes and growth of greenhouse tomato fruits unser summer conditions. ActaHortic, 1999; 507(26): 223–230.
[42] Kumar P S, Singh Y, Nangare D D, Bhagat K, Kumar M, Taware P B, et al. Influence of growth stage specific water stress on the yield, physico-chemical quality and functional characteristics of tomato grown in shallow basaltic soils. Scientia Horticulturae, 2015; 197: 261–271.
[43] Geng Y J, Chen L, Yang C, Jiao D Y, Zhang Y H, Cai Z Q. Dry-season deficit irrigation increases agricultural water use efficiency at the expense of yield and agronomic nutrient use efficiency of Sacha Inchi plants in a tropical humid monsoon area. Industrial Crops and Products, 2017; 109: 570–578.
[44] Cui N, Du T, Kang S, Li F, Zhang J, Wang M, et al. Regulated deficit irrigation improved fruit quality and water use efficiency of pear-jujube trees. Agricultural Water Management, 2008; 95(4): 489–497.
[45] Hao S, Cao H, Wang H, Pan X. The physiological responses of tomato to water stress and re-water in different growth periods. Scientia Horticulturae, 2019; 249: 143–154.
[46] Chen J, Kang S, Du T, Qiu R, Guo P, Chen R. Quantitative response of greenhouse tomato yield and quality to water deficit at different growth stages. Agricultural Water Management, 2013; 129: 152–162.
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2019-06-05
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Hao, S., Cao, H., Wang, H., & Pan, X. (2019). Effects of water stress at different growth stages on comprehensive fruit quality and yield in different bunches of tomatoes in greenhouses. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 12(3), 67–76. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/4468
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