An effective spray drift-reducing method for a plant-protection unmanned aerial vehicle
Keywords:
plant-protection UAV, spray drift, spraying pressure, spraying angle, fuzzy algorithmAbstract
A spraying system for a plant-protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was designed to reduce spray drift. A custom low-speed wind tunnel was constructed to generate a wind speed ranging from 0 to 5.92 m/s. The results showed that the wind speed was attenuated with an increase in distance. To compensate for the attenuation, a linear-fitting model was adopted. Then, the relationship between the spraying pressure and atomization rate was analyzed, and a fuzzy algorithm was adopted to adjust the spraying angle and pressure according to the wind speed and its changing rate. Finally, an evaluation of the proposed system in the compensated wind tunnel was conducted, and the drift distance was reduced by 33.7% compared with the system without adjustment of the spraying angle and pressure. Keywords: plant-protection UAV, spray drift, spraying pressure, spraying angle, fuzzy algorithm DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191205.4289 Citation: Chen Y Y, Hou C J, Tang Y, Zhuang J J, Lin J T, Luo S M. An effective spray drift-reducing method for a plant-protection unmanned aerial vehicle. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(5): 14–20.References
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[22] Heidary M A, Douzals J P, Sinfort C, Vallet A. Influence of nozzle type, nozzle arrangement and side wind speed on spray drift as measured in a wind tunnel. Ageng, 2014; 6: 1–7.
[23] Alves G S, Kruger G R, Cunha J P A R., Santana D G, Pinto L A T, Guimaraes F, et al. Dicamba spray drift as influenced by wind speed and nozzle type. Weed Technology, 2017; 31: 724–731.
[24] Ellis M C B, Alanis R, Lane A G, Tuck C R, Nuyttens D, Zande J C. Wind tunnel measurements and model predictions for estimating spray drift reduction under field conditions. Biosystems Engineering, 2017; 265: 25–34.
[25] Wu X F. Study and design of high-resolution sigma-delta ADC. Xi'an: Xidian University, 2009. (in Chinese)
[26] Aldarouich A, Yuan H W. Design of scale model mechanism in low speed wind tunnel. Computer Aided Drafting Design and Manufacturing, 2008; 2: 57–64.
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[28] Wood K T, Cheung R M, Richardson T, Cooper J. A new gust generator for a low speed wind tunnel: Design and commissioning. AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Grapevine, Texas, 2017.
[29] Garcerá C, Román C, Moltó E, Abad R, Insa J A, Torrent X, et al. Comparison between standard and drift reducing nozzles for pesticide application in citrus: Part II. Effects on canopy spray distribution, control efficacy of Aonidiella aurantii, (Maskell), beneficial parasitoids and pesticide residues on fruit. Crop Protection, 2017; 94(2): 83–96.
[30] McGinty J A, Baumann P A, Hoffmann W C, Fritz B K. Evaluation of the spray droplet size spectra of drift-reducing agricultural spray nozzle designs. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2016; 11(3): 1–5.
[2] Zhou Z Y, Zang Y, Luo X W, Lan Y B, Xue X Y. Technology innovation development strategy on agricultural aviation industry for plant protection in China. Transactions of the CSAE, 2013; 29(24): 1–10. (in Chinese)
[3] He X K, Bonds J, Herbst A, Langenakens J. Recent development of unmanned aerial vehicle for plant protection in East Asia. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(3): 18–30.
[4] Wang X N, He X K, Wang C L, Wang Z C, Li L L, Wang S L, et al. Spray drift characteristics of fuel powered single-rotor UAV for plant protection. Transactions of the CSAE, 2017; 33(1): 117–123. (in Chinese)
[5] Stainier C, Destain M F, Schiffers B, Lebeau F, Stainier C. Droplet size spectra and drift effect of two phenmedipham formulations and four adjuvants mixtures. Crop Protection, 2006; 25(12): 1238–1243.
[6] Dhouib I, Jallouli M, Annabi A, Marzouki S, Gharbi N, Elfazaa S, et al. From immunotoxicity to carcinogenicity: the effects of carbamate pesticides on the immune system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2016; 23(10): 9448–9458.
[7] Zhou Y, Niu M, Li J, Xu X, Sun Z, Xue K. Influence of lateral wind and electrostatic voltage on spray drift of electrostatic sprayer. Transactions of the CSAE, 2015; 31(24): 39–45. (in Chinese)
[8] Nádasi P, Szabó I. On-board applicability of mems-based autonomous navigation system on agricultural aircrafts. Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry, 2011; 39(2): 229–232.
[9] Garcerá C, Moltó E, Chueca P. Spray pesticide applications in Mediterranean citrus orchards: Canopy deposition and off-target losses. Sci. Total Environ, 2017; 599-600: 1344–1362.
[10] Wang C L, He X K, Wang X N, Bonds J, Herbst A, Wang Z G, et al. Testing method of spatial pesticide spraying deposition quality balance for unmanned aerial vehicle. Transactions of the CSAE, 2016; 32(11): 54–61. (in Chinese)
[11] Heidary M A, Douzals J P, Sinfort C, Vallet A. Influence of spray characteristics on potential spray drift of field crop sprayers: A literature review. Crop Protection, 2014; 63: 120–130.
[12] Faiçal B S, Costa F G, Pessin G, Ueyama J, Freitas H, Colombo A, et al. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles and wireless sensor networks for spraying pesticides. Journal of Systems Architecture, 2014; 60(4): 393–404.
[13] Torrent X, Garcerá C, Moltó E, Chueca P, Abad R, Grafulla C, et al. Comparison between standard and drift reducing nozzles for pesticide application in citrus: Part I. Effects on wind tunnel and field spray drift. Crop Protection, 2017; 96: 130–143.
[14] Foqué D, Baekman P, Pieters J G, Nuyttens D, Nuyttens D. A vertical spray boom application technique for conical bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) plants. Crop Protection, 2012; 41: 113–121.
[15] Zhao H, Xie C, Liu F, He X K, Song J L. Effects of sprayers and nozzles on spray drift and terminal residues of imidacloprid on wheat. Crop Protection, 2014; 60(60): 78–82.
[16] Mercer G M. Modelling to determine the optimal porosity of shelterbelts for the capture of agricultural spray drift. Environmental Modelling and Software, 2009; 24(11): 1349–1352.
[17] Cock N D, Massinon M, Salah S O T, Lebeau F. Investigation on optimal spray properties for ground based agricultural applications using deposition and retention models. Biosystems Engineering, 2017; 162: 99–111.
[18] Hilz E, Vermeer A W P. Spray drift review: The extent to which a formulation can contribute to spray drift reduction. Crop Protection, 2013; 44(1): 75–83.
[19] Miranda-Fuentes A, Marucco P, González-Sánchez E J, Cil E, Grella M, Balsari P. Developing strategies to reduce spray drift in pneumatic spraying in vineyards: Assessment of the parameters affecting droplet size in pneumatic spraying. Sci. Total Environ, In Press, Corrected Proof, 2017; 616: 1–11.
[20] Faial B S, Freitas H, Gomes P H, Mano L Y, Pessin G, Carvalho A C P L F, et al. An adaptive approach for UAV-based pesticide spraying in dynamic environments. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2017; 138(C): 210–223.
[21] Wang X N. Study on spray drift and anti-drift method. Beijing: China Agriculture University, 2017. (in Chinese)
[22] Heidary M A, Douzals J P, Sinfort C, Vallet A. Influence of nozzle type, nozzle arrangement and side wind speed on spray drift as measured in a wind tunnel. Ageng, 2014; 6: 1–7.
[23] Alves G S, Kruger G R, Cunha J P A R., Santana D G, Pinto L A T, Guimaraes F, et al. Dicamba spray drift as influenced by wind speed and nozzle type. Weed Technology, 2017; 31: 724–731.
[24] Ellis M C B, Alanis R, Lane A G, Tuck C R, Nuyttens D, Zande J C. Wind tunnel measurements and model predictions for estimating spray drift reduction under field conditions. Biosystems Engineering, 2017; 265: 25–34.
[25] Wu X F. Study and design of high-resolution sigma-delta ADC. Xi'an: Xidian University, 2009. (in Chinese)
[26] Aldarouich A, Yuan H W. Design of scale model mechanism in low speed wind tunnel. Computer Aided Drafting Design and Manufacturing, 2008; 2: 57–64.
[27] Smith D B, Askew S D, Morris W H, Boyette M. Droplet size and leaf morphology effects on pesticide spray deposition, Transactions of the ASAE, 2000; 43: 255–259.
[28] Wood K T, Cheung R M, Richardson T, Cooper J. A new gust generator for a low speed wind tunnel: Design and commissioning. AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Grapevine, Texas, 2017.
[29] Garcerá C, Román C, Moltó E, Abad R, Insa J A, Torrent X, et al. Comparison between standard and drift reducing nozzles for pesticide application in citrus: Part II. Effects on canopy spray distribution, control efficacy of Aonidiella aurantii, (Maskell), beneficial parasitoids and pesticide residues on fruit. Crop Protection, 2017; 94(2): 83–96.
[30] McGinty J A, Baumann P A, Hoffmann W C, Fritz B K. Evaluation of the spray droplet size spectra of drift-reducing agricultural spray nozzle designs. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2016; 11(3): 1–5.
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Published
2019-10-14
How to Cite
Chen, Y., Hou, C., Tang, Y., Zhuang, J., Lin, J., & Luo, S. (2019). An effective spray drift-reducing method for a plant-protection unmanned aerial vehicle. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 12(5), 14–20. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/4289
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Applied Science, Engineering and Technology
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