Effects of drip irrigation levels on soil water, salinity and wheat growth in North China
Keywords:
drip irrigation, spring wheat, spatial distribution, desalination, water use efficiencyAbstract
Northwest China has long suffered from serious water scarcity and soil salinization. It is important to reduce the impact of soil salinization on crop growth and improve water-use efficiency (WUE) through efficient utilization of the limited water resources. This study examined the effects of drip irrigation (DI) on the water and salinity distribution in soil planted with spring wheat, a representative crop in Northwest of China. An in-depth analysis of the leaching of salts by irrigation water and salt accumulation in the soil profile was performed. An irrigation experiment with four irrigation levels (315 mm, 360 mm, 405 mm, and 450 mm) was conducted to investigate the effects of the amount of irrigation water (AIW) on the physiology and growth, photosynthesis, yield, and WUE of spring wheat. The results showed that applying the irrigation water at 405 mm can improve the distribution uniformity of soil water and WUE. Due to the leaching of salts by irrigation water, an increase in the AIW resulted in a higher desalination rate, a lower salt accumulation rate, and a greater depth of desalination. When the AIW was 315 mm, 360 mm, 405 mm and 450 mm, the average depth of desalination was 40 cm, 43 cm, 47 cm and 50 cm, respectively. The plant height, aboveground biomass, leaf area, and wheat ear mass varied significantly with the AIW. As the AIW increased, the average plant height increased, while the aboveground biomass, leaf area, and wheat ear mass increased first and then decreased. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance all increased greatly with increasing AIW, but excessive AIW could lower the net photosynthetic rate. The 405 mm treatment was the recommended irrigation level with the best wheat yield and water productivity at 7631.19 kg/hm2 and 1.88 kg/m3, respectively. Keywords: drip irrigation; spring wheat; spatial distribution; desalination; water use efficiency DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181101.3775 Citation: Wang Z H, Liao R K, Lin H, Jiang G J, He X L, Wu W Y, et al. Effects of drip irrigation levels on soil water, salinity and wheat growth in North China. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(1): 146–156.References
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[20] Wang R S, Kang H Y, Wan S Q. Effects of different drip irrigation regimes on saline–sodic soil nutrients and cotton yield in an arid region of Northwest China. Agr Water Manage, 2015; 153: 1–6
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[22] L Huang L, Liang Z, Suarez D L, Wang Z, Ma H and Wang M. Continuous nitrogen application differentially affects growth, yield, and nitrogen use efficiency of, in two saline–sodic soils of Northeastern China. Agronomy Journal, 2015, 107(1): 314.
[23] Kang S Z, Shi P, Pan Y H, Liang Z S, Hu X T, Zhang J. Soil water distribution, uniformity and water-use efficiency under alternate furrow irrigation in arid areas. Irrigation Science, 2000; 19(4): 181–190
[24] Sun G F, Qu Z Y, Du B, Ren Z S, Li J G. Effects of different irrigation modes on soil temperature and salinity in Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia. Water Saving Irrig. 2016; 2: 28–31. (in Chinese)
[25] Han M, Zhao C, Feng G, Yan Y, Sheng Y. Evaluating the effects of mulch and irrigation amount on soil water distribution and root zone water balance using hydrus-2d. Water, 2015; 7(6): 2622–2640.
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[27] Zhang Z, Hu H C, Tian F Q, Hu H P, Yao X H, Zhong R S. Soil salt distribution under mulched drip irrigation in an arid area of northwestern china. Journal of Arid Environments, 2014; 104(4): 23–33.
[28] Hanson B and May D. Drip irrigation increases tomato yields in salt-affected soil of San Joaquin Valley. California Agriculture, 2003; 57(57): 132–137.
[29] Lu D Q, Wang Q J, Wang W Y, Shao M N. Factor affecting soil water movement and solute transport for film drip irrigation. Acta Agron Sin, 2002; 39 (6): 794–801
[30] Gu S, Du G, Zoldoske D, Hakim A, Cochran R, Fugelsang K, et al. Effects of irrigation amount on water relations, vegetative growth, yield and fruit composition of sauvignon blanc grapevines under partial rootzone drying and conventional irrigation in the san joaquin valley of california, usa. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 2004; 79(1): 26–33.
[31] Towa J J and Guo X P. Effects of irrigation and weed-control methods on growth of weed and rice. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2014; 7(5): 22–33.
[32] Hu M Z, Zhang Z B, Xu P, Dong B D, Li W Q, Li J Q. Relationship of water use efficiency with photoassimilate accumulation and transport in wheat under deficit irrigation. Acta Agron Sin, 2007; 33(11): 1884–1891.(in Chinese)
[33] Shi B C, Liu Y, Cai J B. Effect of different water treatments on growth factors of winter wheat. J Tritic Crop, 2007; 27(6): 1089–1095. (in Chinese)
[34] Thompson P G, Smittle D A, Hall M R. Relationship of sweetpotato yield and quality to amount of irrigation. Horts, 1992; 27(1): 23–26.
[35] Heitholt J J. Water use efficiency and dry matter distribution in nitrogen and water-stressed winter wheat. Agron J, 1989; 81(3): 464–469.
[36] Ertek A, Şensoy S, Küçükyumuk, İbrahim Gedik. Irrigation frequency and amount affect yield components of summer squash (cucurbita pepo, l.). Agr Water Manage, 2004; 67(1): 63–76.
[2] Fan H, Pan X, Li Y, Chen F, Zhang F. Evaluation of soil environment after saline soil reclamation of Xinjiang Oasis, China. Agro J, 2008; 100(3): 471–476. (in Chinese)
[3] Liu M X, Yang J S, Li X M, Liu G M, Yu M, Wang J. Distribution and dynamics of soil water ansd salt under different drip irrigation regimes in northwest China. Irrign Sci, 2013; 31(4): 675–688.
[4] Chen R, Cheng W H, Cui J, Liao J, Fan H, Zheng Z, et al. Lateral spacing in drip-irrgated wheat: the effects on soil moisture, yield and water use efficiency. Field Crop Res, 2015; 179: 52–62.
[5] Zeng S M, Luo Y. Long-distance spread and interregional epidenmics of wheat stripe rust in China. Plant Dis, 2006; 90(8): 980–988.
[6] Li J, Cui J, Chen R, Yang P, Wu Y H, Chai S X, et al. Evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of drip-irrigated winter wheat in China’s Xinjiang Province. Scienceasia, 2016; 42(5): 1303–314.
[7] Liu Y, Yan H S, Li Y F, Yan H J, Li J S. Modeling effects of plastic film mulching on irrigated maize yield and water use efficiency in sub-humid Northeast China. Int J Agric & Biol Eng. 2017; 10(5): 69–83
[8] Karlberg L, Frits WTPV. Exploring potentials and constraints of low-cost drip irrigation with saline water in sub-Saharan Africa. Phys Chem Earth, 2004; 29: 1035–1042.
[9] Jaafar H, Khraizat Z, Bashour I and Haidar M. Determining water requirements of biblical hyssop using ET-based drip irrigation system. Agr Water Manage, 2017; 180: 107–117.
[10] Goldberg D, Gornat B, Rimon D E. Drip irrigation-principles, design and agricultural practices. Israel: Drip Irrigation Scientific Publications, 1976.
[11] Wang R S, Kang Y H, Wan S Q, Hu W, Liu S P, Liu S H. Salt distribution and the growth of cotton under different drip irrigation regimes in a saline area. Agr Water Manage, 2011; 100(1): 58–69.
[12] Zheng Z, Zhang F, Ma F, Chai X, Zhu Z, Shi J, et al. Spatiotemporal changes in soil salinity in a drip-irrigated field. Geoderma, 2009; 149, 243–248.
[13] Sun J, Kang Y, Wan S, Hu W. Influence of drip irrigation level on salt leaching and vegetation growth during reclamation of coastal saline soil having an imbedded gravel–sand layer. Ecological Engineering, 2017; 108: 59–69.
[14] Wang F X, Wu X X, Shock C C, Chu L Y, Gu X X, Xue X. Effects of drip irriation regimes on potato tuber yield and quality under plastic mulch in arid Northwestern China. Field Crop Res, 2011; 122(1): 78–84.
[15] Wang Q J, Wang W Y, Lv D Q, Wang Z R, Zhang J F. Water and salt transport features for salt-effected soil through drip irrigation under film. Transactions of the CSAE, 2000; 16(4): 54–57. (in Chinese)
[16] Wang Q J, Wang W Y, Wang Z R, Zhang J F, Li Y. Determination of technique parameters for saline-alkali soil through drip irrigation under film. Transactions of the CSAE, 2002; 17(2): 47–50. (in Chinese)
[17] Jiao Y P, Kang Y H, Wan S Q, Sun Z Q, Liu W, Dong F. Effect of soil matric potential on the distribution of soil salt under drip irrigation on saline and alkaline land in arid regions. Transactions of the CSAE, 2008; 24(6): 653–658. (in Chinese)
[18] Dou C Y, Kang Y H, Wang S Q. Water and salt dynamics of saline-sodic soil with shallow water table under mulch-drip irrigation with saline water. Acta Pedol Sin, 2011; 48(3): 524–532. (in Chinese)
[19] Liu S H, Kang Y H, Wan S Q, Wang Z C, Liang Z W, Jiang S F, et al. Germination and growth of Puccinellia tenuiflora in saline-sodic soil under drip irrigation. Agr Water Manage, 2012; 109: 127–134.
[20] Wang R S, Kang H Y, Wan S Q. Effects of different drip irrigation regimes on saline–sodic soil nutrients and cotton yield in an arid region of Northwest China. Agr Water Manage, 2015; 153: 1–6
[21] Wan S Q, Jiao Y P, Kang Y H, Hu W, Jiang S F, Tan J L, Liu W. Drip irrigation of waxy corn (Zea mays L. var. ceratina Kulesh) for production in highly saline conditions. Agr Water Manage, 2012; 104: 210–220.
[22] L Huang L, Liang Z, Suarez D L, Wang Z, Ma H and Wang M. Continuous nitrogen application differentially affects growth, yield, and nitrogen use efficiency of, in two saline–sodic soils of Northeastern China. Agronomy Journal, 2015, 107(1): 314.
[23] Kang S Z, Shi P, Pan Y H, Liang Z S, Hu X T, Zhang J. Soil water distribution, uniformity and water-use efficiency under alternate furrow irrigation in arid areas. Irrigation Science, 2000; 19(4): 181–190
[24] Sun G F, Qu Z Y, Du B, Ren Z S, Li J G. Effects of different irrigation modes on soil temperature and salinity in Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia. Water Saving Irrig. 2016; 2: 28–31. (in Chinese)
[25] Han M, Zhao C, Feng G, Yan Y, Sheng Y. Evaluating the effects of mulch and irrigation amount on soil water distribution and root zone water balance using hydrus-2d. Water, 2015; 7(6): 2622–2640.
[26] Chu L L, Kang Y H, Wan S Q. Effect of different water application intensity and irrigation amount treatments of microirrigation on soil-leaching coastal saline soils of north china. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2016; 15(9): 2123–2131.
[27] Zhang Z, Hu H C, Tian F Q, Hu H P, Yao X H, Zhong R S. Soil salt distribution under mulched drip irrigation in an arid area of northwestern china. Journal of Arid Environments, 2014; 104(4): 23–33.
[28] Hanson B and May D. Drip irrigation increases tomato yields in salt-affected soil of San Joaquin Valley. California Agriculture, 2003; 57(57): 132–137.
[29] Lu D Q, Wang Q J, Wang W Y, Shao M N. Factor affecting soil water movement and solute transport for film drip irrigation. Acta Agron Sin, 2002; 39 (6): 794–801
[30] Gu S, Du G, Zoldoske D, Hakim A, Cochran R, Fugelsang K, et al. Effects of irrigation amount on water relations, vegetative growth, yield and fruit composition of sauvignon blanc grapevines under partial rootzone drying and conventional irrigation in the san joaquin valley of california, usa. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 2004; 79(1): 26–33.
[31] Towa J J and Guo X P. Effects of irrigation and weed-control methods on growth of weed and rice. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2014; 7(5): 22–33.
[32] Hu M Z, Zhang Z B, Xu P, Dong B D, Li W Q, Li J Q. Relationship of water use efficiency with photoassimilate accumulation and transport in wheat under deficit irrigation. Acta Agron Sin, 2007; 33(11): 1884–1891.(in Chinese)
[33] Shi B C, Liu Y, Cai J B. Effect of different water treatments on growth factors of winter wheat. J Tritic Crop, 2007; 27(6): 1089–1095. (in Chinese)
[34] Thompson P G, Smittle D A, Hall M R. Relationship of sweetpotato yield and quality to amount of irrigation. Horts, 1992; 27(1): 23–26.
[35] Heitholt J J. Water use efficiency and dry matter distribution in nitrogen and water-stressed winter wheat. Agron J, 1989; 81(3): 464–469.
[36] Ertek A, Şensoy S, Küçükyumuk, İbrahim Gedik. Irrigation frequency and amount affect yield components of summer squash (cucurbita pepo, l.). Agr Water Manage, 2004; 67(1): 63–76.
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2018-01-31
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Wang, Z., Liao, R., Lin, H., Jiang, G., He, X., Wu, W., & zhang, L. (2018). Effects of drip irrigation levels on soil water, salinity and wheat growth in North China. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 11(1), 146–156. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/3775
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Natural Resources and Environmental Systems
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