Effects of temperature on the performance of anaerobic co-digestion of vegetable waste and swine manure
Keywords:
vegetable wastes, swine manure, anaerobic co-digestion, temperature, household biogas digesterAbstract
The amount of vegetable wastes (VW) obtained from vegetable supply chain increased rapidly in recent years in China, which has posed environmental pollution problems. In view of the high moisture and organic content of VW, anaerobic digestion (AD) has shown to be an alternative with multi-environmental benefits such as waste disposal and renewable energy production. In this research, the anaerobic co-digestion of VW and swine manure (SM) in a 10 L fed-batch anaerobic digester was investigated, and the effects of temperature at psychrophilic (20°C), mesophilic (32°C and 37°C) and thermophilic (55°C) conditions on biogas production characteristics were studied with the aim of finding the better temperature for the enhanced performance of co-digestion. The results indicated that the operation performance of the anaerobic digester were maintained stability with no accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) at mesophilic and thermophilic condition, as indicated by the low VFA/alkalinity ratio, which was lower than 0.10. The results of anaerobic co-digestion also showed that the value of pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and VFA ranked in normal range. The optimal temperature for co-digestion of VW with SM was mesophilic digestion at 32°C. Under this condition, the biogas and methane production yields reached 463.16 L/kg VS and 256.24 L CH4/kg VS, respectively. The average methane content in biogas at 32°C was the highest and reached 55.33%. Anaerobic digestion at 37°C and 55°C provided slightly lower methane yields of 93.75 L CH4/kg VS and 143.16 L CH4/kg VS, respectively. The lowest methane yield of 22.17 L CH4/kg VS was obtained at 20°C, with 22.88% of methane composition in biogas. The pilot-scale experimental results in 3 m3 household biogas digester showed that the cumulative biogas production was 70.52 m3 during the 42 d fermentation period. The average daily biogas production was 1.680 m3 and the average content of CH4 was 58.2%. The experimental results showed that the co-digestion with VW and SM at 32°C in a household biogas system could improve the stability of anaerobic process and achieve a higher biogas yield, which can satisfy farmers’ domestic biogas demand. Keywords: vegetable wastes, swine manure, anaerobic co-digestion, temperature, household biogas digester DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181101.3706 Citation: Ren H W, Mei Z L, Fan W G, Wang Y J, Liu F F, Luo T, et al. Effects of temperature on the performance of anaerobic co-digestion of vegetable waste and swine manure. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(1): 218–225.References
[1] Singh A, Kuila A, Adak S, Bishai M, Banerjee R. Utilization of vegetable wastes for bioenergy generation. Agric. Res., 2012; 1(3): 213–222.
[2] Lin J, Zuo J, Gan L L, Li P, Liu F L, Wang K J, et al. Effects of mixture ratio on anaerobic co-digestion with fruit and vegetable waste and food waste of China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2011; 23(8): 1403–1408.
[3] Zuo Z, Wu S, Zhang W, Dong R. Effects of organic loading rate and effluent recirculation on the performance of two-stage anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste. Bioresource Technology, 2013; 146(10): 556–561.
[4] Scano E A, Asquer C, Pistis A, Ortu L, Demontis V, Cocco D. Biogas from anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes: experimental results on pilot-scale and preliminary performance evaluation of a full-scale power plant. Energy Conversion & Management, 2014; 77(1): 22–30.
[5] Sitorus B, Panjaitan S D. Biogas recovery from anaerobic digestion process of mixed fruit-vegetable wastes. Energy Procedia, 2013; 32(1): 176–182.
[6] Alvarez R, Lidén G. Semi-continuous co-digestion of solid slaughterhouse waste, manure, and fruit and vegetable waste. Renewable Energy, 2008; 33(4): 726–734.
[7] Bouallagui H, Haouari O, Touhami Y, Cheikh R B, Marouani L, Hamdi M. Effect of temperature on the performance of an anaerobic tubular reactor treating fruit and vegetable waste. Process Biochemistry, 2004; 39(12): 2143–2148.
[8] Knol W, Most M M V D, Waart J D. Biogas production by anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable waste: a preliminary study. Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture, 2006; 29(9): 822–830.
[9] Rajeshwari K V, Lata K, Pant D C, Kishore V V. A novel process using enhanced acidification and a uasb reactor for biomethanation of vegetable market waste. Waste Management & Research, 2001; 19(4): 292–300.
[10] Bouallagui H, Lahdheb H, Romdan E B, Rachdi B, Hamdi M. Improvement of fruit and vegetable waste anaerobic digestion performance and stability with co-substrates addition. Journal of Environmental Management, 2009; 90(5): 1844–1849.
[11] Habiba L, Hassib B, Moktar H. Improvement of activated sludge stabilisation and filterability during anaerobic digestion by fruit and vegetable waste addition. Bioresource Technology, 2009; 100(4): 1555–60.
[12] Li D, Liu S, Li M, Li Z, Yuan Y, Yan Z, et al. Effects of feedstock ratio and organic loading rate on the anaerobic mesophilic co-digestion of rice straw and pig manure. Bioresource Technology, 2015; 187(7): 120–127.
[13] Callaghan F J, Wase D A J, Thayanithy K, Forster C F. Continuous co-digestion of cattle slurry with fruit and vegetable wastes and chicken manure. Biomass & Bioenergy, 2002; 22(1): 71–77.
[14] Dinsdale R M, Premier G C, Hawkes F R, Hawkes D L. Two-stage anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge and fruit/vegetable waste using inclined tubular digesters. Bioresource Technology, 2000; 72(2): 159–168.
[15] Garcia-Peña E I, Parameswaran, P, Kang D W, Canul-Chan M, Krajmalnik-Brown R. Anaerobic digestion and co-digestion processes of vegetable and fruit residues: process and microbial ecology. Bioresource Technology, 2011; 102(20): 9447–9455.
[16] Molinuevo-Salces B, Gómez X, Morán A, García-González M C. Anaerobic co-digestion of livestock and vegetable processing wastes: Fibre degradation and digestate stability. Waste Management, 2013; 33(6): 1332–8.
[17] Molinuevo-Salces B, González-Fernández C, Gómez X, García-González M C, Morán A. Vegetable processing wastes addition to improve swine manure anaerobic digestion: evaluation in terms of methane yield and SEM characterization. Applied Energy, 2012; 91(1): 36–42.
[18] Wang C, Zuo J, Chen X, Wei X, Xing L, Peng L, et al Microbial community structures in an integrated two-phase anaerobic bioreactor fed by fruit vegetable wastes and wheat straw. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2014; 26(12): 2484–2492.
[19] Lin Q, Vrieze J D, He G, Li X, Li J. Temperature regulates methane production through the function centralization of microbial community in anaerobic digestion. Bioresource Technology, 2016; 216: 150–158.
[20] Kim M S, Kim D H, Yun Y M. Effect of operation temperature on anaerobic digestion of food waste: Performance and microbial analysis. Fuel, 2017; 209(12): 598–605.
[21] Alonso R M, García M P, Río R S D. Anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and sugar beet pulp lixiviation in batch reactors: Effect of temperature. Bioresource Technology, 2015; 180(6): 437–41.
[22] Liu R H, Wang Y Y, Sun C. Effects of temperature on anaerobic fermentation for biogas production from cabbage leaves. Transactions of the CSAM, 2009; 40(9): 116–121. (in Chinese)
[23] Feng R, Li J, Dong T, Li X. Performance of a novel household solar heating thermostatic biogas system. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016; 96: 519–526.
[24] APHA. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. American Public Health Association (APHA), Washington, DC, USA, 2005.
[25] Alkaya E, Demirer G N. Anaerobic acidification of sugar-beet processing wastes: effect of operational parameters. Biomass & Bioenergy, 2011; 35(1): 32–39.
[26] Appels L, Lauwers J, Degrève J, Helsen L, Lievens B, Willems K, et al. Anaerobic digestion in global bio-energy production: Potential and research challenges. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011; 15(9): 4295–4301.
[27] Gunaseelan V N. Biochemical methane potential of fruits and vegetable solid waste feedstocks. Biomass & Bioenergy, 2004; 26(4): 389–399.
[28] Zhang R, El-Mashad H M, Hartman K, Wang F, Liu G, Choate C. Characterization of food waste as feedstock for anaerobic digestion. Bioresource Technology, 2007; 98(4): 929–935.
[29] Bouallagui H, Touhami Y, Cheikh R B, Hamdi M. Bioreactor performance in anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes. Cheminform, 2005; 40(3): 989–995.
[30] Mata-Alvarez J, Cecchi F, Llabrés P, Pavan P. Anaerobic digestion of the Barcelona central food market organic wastes. Plant design and feasibility study. Bioresource Technology, 1992; 42(1): 33–42.
[31] Banks C J, Yue Z, Ying J, Heaven S. Trace element requirements for stable food waste digestion at elevated ammonia concentrations. Bioresource Technology, 2012; 104(1): 127–135.
[32] Chen Y, Cheng J J, Creamer K S. Inhibition of anaerobic digestion process: A review. Bioresource Technology, 2008; 99(10): 4044–4064.
[33] Fernández A, Sánchez A, Font X. Anaerobic co-digestion of a simulated organic fraction of municipal solid wastes and fats of animal and vegetable origin. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2005; 26(1): 22–28.
[34] Lane A G. Laboratory scale anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable solid waste. Biomass, 1984; 5(4): 245–259.
[35] Brambilla M, Araldi F, Marchesi M, Bertazzoni B, Zagni M, Navarotto P. Monitoring of the startup phase of one continuous anaerobic digester at pilot scale level. Biomass & Bioenergy, 2012; 36(328): 439–446.
[36] Harris W L, Dague R R. Comparative performance of anaerobic filters at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures. Water Environment Research, 1993; 65(6): 764–771.
[37] Liu T, Sung S. Ammonia inhibition on thermophilic aceticlastic methanogens. Water Science & Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2002; 45(10): 113–2002.
[38] Calli B, Mertoglu B, Inanc B, Yenigun O. Effects of high free ammonia .concentrations on the performances of anaerobic bioreactors. Process Biochemistry, 2005; 40(3-4): 1285–1292.
[2] Lin J, Zuo J, Gan L L, Li P, Liu F L, Wang K J, et al. Effects of mixture ratio on anaerobic co-digestion with fruit and vegetable waste and food waste of China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2011; 23(8): 1403–1408.
[3] Zuo Z, Wu S, Zhang W, Dong R. Effects of organic loading rate and effluent recirculation on the performance of two-stage anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste. Bioresource Technology, 2013; 146(10): 556–561.
[4] Scano E A, Asquer C, Pistis A, Ortu L, Demontis V, Cocco D. Biogas from anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes: experimental results on pilot-scale and preliminary performance evaluation of a full-scale power plant. Energy Conversion & Management, 2014; 77(1): 22–30.
[5] Sitorus B, Panjaitan S D. Biogas recovery from anaerobic digestion process of mixed fruit-vegetable wastes. Energy Procedia, 2013; 32(1): 176–182.
[6] Alvarez R, Lidén G. Semi-continuous co-digestion of solid slaughterhouse waste, manure, and fruit and vegetable waste. Renewable Energy, 2008; 33(4): 726–734.
[7] Bouallagui H, Haouari O, Touhami Y, Cheikh R B, Marouani L, Hamdi M. Effect of temperature on the performance of an anaerobic tubular reactor treating fruit and vegetable waste. Process Biochemistry, 2004; 39(12): 2143–2148.
[8] Knol W, Most M M V D, Waart J D. Biogas production by anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable waste: a preliminary study. Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture, 2006; 29(9): 822–830.
[9] Rajeshwari K V, Lata K, Pant D C, Kishore V V. A novel process using enhanced acidification and a uasb reactor for biomethanation of vegetable market waste. Waste Management & Research, 2001; 19(4): 292–300.
[10] Bouallagui H, Lahdheb H, Romdan E B, Rachdi B, Hamdi M. Improvement of fruit and vegetable waste anaerobic digestion performance and stability with co-substrates addition. Journal of Environmental Management, 2009; 90(5): 1844–1849.
[11] Habiba L, Hassib B, Moktar H. Improvement of activated sludge stabilisation and filterability during anaerobic digestion by fruit and vegetable waste addition. Bioresource Technology, 2009; 100(4): 1555–60.
[12] Li D, Liu S, Li M, Li Z, Yuan Y, Yan Z, et al. Effects of feedstock ratio and organic loading rate on the anaerobic mesophilic co-digestion of rice straw and pig manure. Bioresource Technology, 2015; 187(7): 120–127.
[13] Callaghan F J, Wase D A J, Thayanithy K, Forster C F. Continuous co-digestion of cattle slurry with fruit and vegetable wastes and chicken manure. Biomass & Bioenergy, 2002; 22(1): 71–77.
[14] Dinsdale R M, Premier G C, Hawkes F R, Hawkes D L. Two-stage anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge and fruit/vegetable waste using inclined tubular digesters. Bioresource Technology, 2000; 72(2): 159–168.
[15] Garcia-Peña E I, Parameswaran, P, Kang D W, Canul-Chan M, Krajmalnik-Brown R. Anaerobic digestion and co-digestion processes of vegetable and fruit residues: process and microbial ecology. Bioresource Technology, 2011; 102(20): 9447–9455.
[16] Molinuevo-Salces B, Gómez X, Morán A, García-González M C. Anaerobic co-digestion of livestock and vegetable processing wastes: Fibre degradation and digestate stability. Waste Management, 2013; 33(6): 1332–8.
[17] Molinuevo-Salces B, González-Fernández C, Gómez X, García-González M C, Morán A. Vegetable processing wastes addition to improve swine manure anaerobic digestion: evaluation in terms of methane yield and SEM characterization. Applied Energy, 2012; 91(1): 36–42.
[18] Wang C, Zuo J, Chen X, Wei X, Xing L, Peng L, et al Microbial community structures in an integrated two-phase anaerobic bioreactor fed by fruit vegetable wastes and wheat straw. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2014; 26(12): 2484–2492.
[19] Lin Q, Vrieze J D, He G, Li X, Li J. Temperature regulates methane production through the function centralization of microbial community in anaerobic digestion. Bioresource Technology, 2016; 216: 150–158.
[20] Kim M S, Kim D H, Yun Y M. Effect of operation temperature on anaerobic digestion of food waste: Performance and microbial analysis. Fuel, 2017; 209(12): 598–605.
[21] Alonso R M, García M P, Río R S D. Anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and sugar beet pulp lixiviation in batch reactors: Effect of temperature. Bioresource Technology, 2015; 180(6): 437–41.
[22] Liu R H, Wang Y Y, Sun C. Effects of temperature on anaerobic fermentation for biogas production from cabbage leaves. Transactions of the CSAM, 2009; 40(9): 116–121. (in Chinese)
[23] Feng R, Li J, Dong T, Li X. Performance of a novel household solar heating thermostatic biogas system. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016; 96: 519–526.
[24] APHA. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. American Public Health Association (APHA), Washington, DC, USA, 2005.
[25] Alkaya E, Demirer G N. Anaerobic acidification of sugar-beet processing wastes: effect of operational parameters. Biomass & Bioenergy, 2011; 35(1): 32–39.
[26] Appels L, Lauwers J, Degrève J, Helsen L, Lievens B, Willems K, et al. Anaerobic digestion in global bio-energy production: Potential and research challenges. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011; 15(9): 4295–4301.
[27] Gunaseelan V N. Biochemical methane potential of fruits and vegetable solid waste feedstocks. Biomass & Bioenergy, 2004; 26(4): 389–399.
[28] Zhang R, El-Mashad H M, Hartman K, Wang F, Liu G, Choate C. Characterization of food waste as feedstock for anaerobic digestion. Bioresource Technology, 2007; 98(4): 929–935.
[29] Bouallagui H, Touhami Y, Cheikh R B, Hamdi M. Bioreactor performance in anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes. Cheminform, 2005; 40(3): 989–995.
[30] Mata-Alvarez J, Cecchi F, Llabrés P, Pavan P. Anaerobic digestion of the Barcelona central food market organic wastes. Plant design and feasibility study. Bioresource Technology, 1992; 42(1): 33–42.
[31] Banks C J, Yue Z, Ying J, Heaven S. Trace element requirements for stable food waste digestion at elevated ammonia concentrations. Bioresource Technology, 2012; 104(1): 127–135.
[32] Chen Y, Cheng J J, Creamer K S. Inhibition of anaerobic digestion process: A review. Bioresource Technology, 2008; 99(10): 4044–4064.
[33] Fernández A, Sánchez A, Font X. Anaerobic co-digestion of a simulated organic fraction of municipal solid wastes and fats of animal and vegetable origin. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2005; 26(1): 22–28.
[34] Lane A G. Laboratory scale anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable solid waste. Biomass, 1984; 5(4): 245–259.
[35] Brambilla M, Araldi F, Marchesi M, Bertazzoni B, Zagni M, Navarotto P. Monitoring of the startup phase of one continuous anaerobic digester at pilot scale level. Biomass & Bioenergy, 2012; 36(328): 439–446.
[36] Harris W L, Dague R R. Comparative performance of anaerobic filters at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures. Water Environment Research, 1993; 65(6): 764–771.
[37] Liu T, Sung S. Ammonia inhibition on thermophilic aceticlastic methanogens. Water Science & Technology A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research, 2002; 45(10): 113–2002.
[38] Calli B, Mertoglu B, Inanc B, Yenigun O. Effects of high free ammonia .concentrations on the performances of anaerobic bioreactors. Process Biochemistry, 2005; 40(3-4): 1285–1292.
Downloads
Published
2018-01-31
How to Cite
Ren, H., Mei, Z., Fan, W., Wang, Y., Liu, F., Luo, T., … Feng, R. (2018). Effects of temperature on the performance of anaerobic co-digestion of vegetable waste and swine manure. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 11(1), 218–225. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/3706
Issue
Section
Renewable Energy and Material Systems
License
IJABE is an international peer reviewed open access journal, adopting Creative Commons Copyright Notices as follows.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
