Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on root distribution and yield of Chinese Jujube trees in Xinjiang
Keywords:
water-fertilizer coupling, root distribution, yield, dense dwarf trees, Ziziphus jujubaAbstract
Water and fertilizer are the two main factors which promote the rapid growth of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) trees. Studies of root systems and the nutrition-use efficiency of dense, dwarfed fruit trees are limited, especially in an extremely arid region with drip irrigation. The experiment was conducted in a 12-year-old dwarf jujube planting basement in Hami from 2013 to 2015. In this experiment, root length density and root weight density were calculated and found to range from 75 cm to 275 cm in horizontal distance, and from 0 to 90 cm in vertical depth, treated with three drip irrigation quota gradients and three fertilizer rates with each treatment replicated three times. The results showed that, as the amount of nitrogen applied increased gradually, the jujubes’ growth amount increased, reaching a maximum when an optimal concentration was applied. However, the jujubes’ growth was inhibited, and the growth declined when the amount of nitrogen applied was more than the optimal concentration. At an appropriate level of nitrogen, the growth, yield and quality of jujube trees could be guaranteed. If the rate of nitrogen application was lowered, the jujubes’ growth would inhibit, and hence the yield wound be seriously impacted. The optimal irrigation quota and fertilization amount were found to be 900 mm and 1500-1800 kg/hm2, respectively. The research findings were of significance and hold great promise for the development of the forestry and fruit industries in the arid region of Xinjiang. At the same time, there was a further study on irrigation technique, focusing on the combined effect of the dwarfed-planting technique and drip irrigation on jujube trees; with this information, the application efficiency of water and fertilizer can be optimized, leading to higher profits and economic efficiency. Keywords: water-fertilizer coupling, root distribution, yield, dense dwarf trees, Ziziphus jujuba DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20171006.3109 Citation: Liu H G, He X L, Li J, Li F D, Gong P, Zhang J, et al. Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on root distribution and yield of Chinese Jujube trees in Xinjiang. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(6): 103–114.References
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[2] Ling H, Deng X, Long A, Gao H. The multi-time-scale correlations for drought-flood index to runoff and North Atlantic Oscillation in the headstreams of Tarim River, Xinjiang, China. Hydrology Research, 2017; 48(1): 253–264.
[3] Wu Y, Bake B, Zhang J, Rasulov H. Spatio-temporal patterns of drought in North Xinjiang, China, 1961-2012 based on meteorological drought index. Journal of Arid Land, 2015; 7(4): 527–543.
[4] Wu Y, Zhang G, Shen H, Xu Y J, Bake B. Attribute analysis of aridity variability in North Xinjiang, China. Advances in Meteorology, 2016.
[5] Li X M, Jiang F Q, Li L H, Wang G Q. Spatial and temporal variability of precipitation concentration index, concentration degree and concentration period in Xinjiang, China. International Journal of Climatology, 2011; 31(11): 1679–1693.
[6] Wu C Y, Xiong R C, Xu C Z, Lin M J, Gao J S. Analysis on planting patterns and industry status of Chinese jujube in Xinjiang, in International Horticultural Congress on Horticulture: Sustaining Lives, Livelihoods and Landscapes, Editors, 2016; 1116: 35–42.
[7] Cattivelli L, Rizza F, Badeck F W, Mazzucotelli E, Mastrangelo A M, Francia E, et al. Drought tolerance improvement in crop plants: An integrated view from breeding to genomics. Field Crops Research, 2008; 105(1-2): 1–14.
[8] Chaves M, Davies B. Drought effects and water use efficiency: improving crop production in dry environments Foreword. Functional Plant Biology, 2010; 37(2): Iii–Vi.
[9] Xie W, Huang H, Shen J. Advances in research on coupling of water and fertilizer in plants. Crop Research, 2007; (S1): 541–546.
[10] Wang Y, Janz B, Engedal T, de Neergaard A. Effect of irrigation regimes and nitrogen rates on water use efficiency and nitrogen uptake in maize. Ag Water Management, 2017; 179: 271–276.
[11] Mengel K E, Kirkby A. Soil Science. Bern: International Potash Institute, 1984.
[12] Cheng X, Wang D, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Jin K. Effects of different soil moisture conditionson winter wheat growth and nutrient uptake. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1996; 4: 68–75. (in Chinese)
[13] Liu H, Zheng X, He X, Wan Z. Influence of coupling of water and nitrogen on outputs of cotton seeds and dry matter in subsurface drip irrigation. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2009; 42(5): 657–660. (in Chinese)
[14] Li H, Mollier A, Ziadi N, Shi Y, Parent L E, Morel C. Soybean root traits after 24 years of different soil tillage and mineral phosphorus fertilization management. Soil & Tillage Research, 2017; 165: 258–267.
[15] Yang C M, Yang L Z, Yang Y X, Zhu O Y. Rice root growth and nutrient uptake as influenced by organic manure in continuously and alternately flooded paddy soils. Agricultural Water Management, 2004; 70(1): 67–81.
[16] Sharma S P, Leskovar D I, Crosby K M, Volder A. Root growth dynamics and fruit yield of melon (Cucumis melo L) genotypes at two locations with sandy loam and clay soils. Soil & Tillage Research, 2017; 168: 50–62.
[17] Wang Y, Jensen C R, Liu F. Nutritional responses to soil drying and rewetting cycles under partial root-zone drying irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 2017; 179: 254–259.
[18] King J, Gay A, Sylvester-Bradley R, Bingham I, Foulkes J, Gregory P, et al. Modelling cereal root systems for water and nitrogen capture: Towards an economic optimum. Annals of Botany, 2003; 91(3): 383–390.
[19] Chilundo M, Joel A, Wesstrom I, Brito R, Messing I. Response of maize root growth to irrigation and nitrogen management strategies in semi-arid loamy sandy soil. Field Crops Research, 2017; 200: 143–162.
[20] Raven J A, Edwards D. Roots: evolutionary origins and biogeochemical significance. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2001; 52(Sl): 381–401.
[21] Sun S M, Yang P L, An Q X, Xu R, Yao B L, Li F Y, et al. Investigation into surface and subsurface drip irrigation for jujube trees grown in saline soil under extremely arid climate. European Journal of Horticultural Science, 2016; 81(3): 165–174.
[22] Sun S, An Q, Yang P, Lu X, Gu K. Effect of irrigation depth on root distribution and water use efficiency of jujube under indirect subsurface drip irrigation. Transactions of the CSAM, 2016; 47(8): 81–90. (in Chinese)
[23] Yang C, Li H, Guo G, Zhang Z. Spatial distribution characteristics of absorbing root system of red jujube in juvenile phase. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2013; 44(2): 270–274. (in Chinese)
[24] Cavelier J, Wright S J, Santamaría J. Effects of irrigation on litterfall, fine root biomass and production in a semideciduous lowland forest in Panama. Plant and Soil, 1999; 211(2): 207–213.
[25] Liu G, Xie X, Wang Z. The Influence on the mature Jujube physiological characters and yields at different fertilization levels in arid areas of Southern Xinjiang. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2012; 49(11): 2081–2087. (in Chinese)
[26] Wang X, Zhu D, Wang Y, Wei X, Ma L. Soil water and root distribution under jujube plantations in the semiarid Loess Plateau region, China. Plant Growth Regulation, 2015; 77(1): 21–31.
[27] Liang Z, Zhang J, Jing R, Zou Y. Influence of fertilization modes and fertilization levels under drip irrigation on fruit yield, quality and nutrient Use of Chinese Jujube. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2016; 53(8): 1444–1452. (in Chinese)
[28] Hu J, Wang Z, Zheng X, Effects of different irrigation treatments on drip irrigation red jujube's yield, quality and water use efficiency. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering, 2016; 34(12): 1086–1092.
[29] Chai Q, Gan Y, Zhao C, Xu H L, Waskom R M, Niu Y, et al. Regulated deficit irrigation for crop production under drought stress, a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2016; 36(1).
[30] Moll R H, Kamprath E J, Jackson W A. Analysis and interpretation of factors which contribute to efficiency of nitrogen-utilization. Agronomy Journal, 1982; 74(3): 562–564.
[31] Barraclough D. N-15 isotope dilution techniques to study soil nitrogen transformations and plant uptake. Fertilizer Research, 1995; 42(1-3): 185–192.
[32] Yang G, He X L, Li X L, Long A H, Xue L Q. Transformation of surface water and groundwater and water balancein the agricultural irrigation area of the Manas River Basin, China. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(4): 107–118.
[33] Cassman K G, Gines G C, Dizon M A, Samson M I, Alcantara J M. Nitrogen-use efficiency in tropical lowland rice systems: contributions from indigenous and applied nitrogen. Field Crops Research, 1996; 47(1): 1–12.
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Published
2017-11-30
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Hongguang, L., Xinlin, H., Jing, L., Fadong, L., Ping, G., Jie, Z., & Guang, Y. (2017). Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on root distribution and yield of Chinese Jujube trees in Xinjiang. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 10(6), 103–114. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/3109
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