Hydrochemical characteristic and water quality assessment for drinking and agricultural purposes in District Jacobabad, Lower Indus Plain, Pakistan
Keywords:
water quality assessment, water supply schemes, drinking and agriculture, arsenic, ArcGIS, PakistanAbstract
Undeniably water is of utmost importance while considering basic necessities. This investigation emphasized on the hydrochemical evaluation and drinking water quality assessment in District Jacobabad located in lower Indus plain, Pakistan. Certainly world's largest irrigation system emerged from Indus Basin, which is underlain by well transmissive aquifer resulting in higher water table. Water supply schemes with their water sources from ground water and surface water provide piped water for drinking purpose to the community. Water samples were collected from all the forty eight supply schemes of which thirty two were found nonfunctional. Analytical parameters were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) and Pakistan Water Quality Standards but adversely substantial samples were found nonpotable. Alkalinity, bicarbonate and nitrate met the standard safe limits while values for EC, TDS, hardness, cations and anions exceeded the limits in numerous samples. SPSS and ArcGIS softwares were used for statistical analysis and spatial distribution of parameters. Hydrochemical facies were developed and suitability assessment of water resources was examined for agricultural use. The ground water type was classified as Na-HCO3 type with high salinity and it required treatment prior to irrigation. The proposed research exhibited the probable drinking water contamination sources and it demanded instant actions to further protect the valuable drinking water resources in District Jacobabad. Keywords: water quality assessment, water supply schemes, drinking and agriculture, arsenic, ArcGIS, Pakistan DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181102.2747 Citation: Shahab A, Qi S H, Zaheer M, Rashid A, Talib M A, Ashraf U. Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality assessment for drinking and agricultural purposes in District Jacobabad, Lower Indus Plain, Pakistan. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(2): 115–121.References
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[18] Shahab A, Shihua Q, Rashid A, Hasan F U, Sohail M T. Evaluation of Water Quality for Drinking and Agricultural Suitability in the Lower Indus Plain in Sindh Province, Pakistan. Polish J Environ Stud, 2016; 25(6); 2563–2574.
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[2] Lee E J, Schwab K J. Deficiencies in drinking water distribution systems in developing countries. J water & health, 2005; 3(2): 109–127.
[3] Shivran H S, Kumar D, Singh R V. Improvement of water quality through biological denitrification. J environ Sci & Eng, 2006; 48(1): 57–60.
[4] Arain M B, Kazi T G, Jamali M K, Jalbani N, Afridi H I, Shah A. Total dissolved and bioavailable elements in water and sediment samples and their accumulation in Oreochromis mossambicus of polluted Manchar Lake’, Chemosphere, 2008; 70(10): 1845–1856.
[5] WCD (World Commission on Dams). Tarbela Dam and related aspects of
the Indus river basin in Pakistan. http://www.dams.org. 2000.
[6] Khan D, Mona A H, Iqbal N. ‘Groundwater Quality Evaluation in Thal Doab of Indus Basin of Pakistan’, Intl J Modern Eng Res, 2014; 4 pp: 36.
[7] Memon M, Soomro M S, Akhtar M S, Memon K S. Drinking water quality assessment in Southern Sindh (Pakistan). Environ Mon Assess, 2011; 177: 39–50.
[8] Azad A M, Rasheed A, Memon Y. Sindh water resources management – issues and options. FAO investment centre occasional paper series No. 15. 2003.
[9] Shah S M I. Stratigraphy of Pakistan. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Pakistan, 2009; 22: 240-265.
[10] American Public Health Association (APHA). Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. 1994; NW, DC 20036.
[11] Government of Pakistan (GOP). National Standards for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). Pakistan, 2008.
[12] Davis S N, DeWiest R J. Hydrogeology, 1966; Wiley, NewYork.
[13] Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources. Report on Technical assessment of water supply schemes. Publication No. 150-2012. 2008.
[14] Majidano S A, Arain G M, Bajaj D R, Iqbal P, Khuhawar M Y. Assessment of Groundwater Quality with Focus on Arsenic Contents and Consequences. Case Study of Tando Allahyar District in Sindh Province. Intl J Chem & Environ Eng., 2010; 1(2).
[15] Memon A H, Allah B G, Lun G M. Arsenic Contamination in Drinking Water of District Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Biomed. Letters, 2016; 2(1): 31-37.
[16] Lehtola M J, Nissinen T K, Miettinen I T, Martikainen P J, Vartiainen T. Removal of soft deposits from the distribution system improves the drinking water quality. Water Research, 2004; 38(3): 601–610.
[17] Basharat M, Hassan D, Bajkani A A, Sultan S J. Surface water and groundwater Nexus: groundwater management options for Indus Basin Irrigation System, International Waterlogging and Salinity Research Institute (IWASRI), Lahore, Pakistan, Water and Power Development Authority, Publication, 2014; 299: 155.
[18] Shahab A, Shihua Q, Rashid A, Hasan F U, Sohail M T. Evaluation of Water Quality for Drinking and Agricultural Suitability in the Lower Indus Plain in Sindh Province, Pakistan. Polish J Environ Stud, 2016; 25(6); 2563–2574.
[19] Nicholas E, Alarcon J J, Mounzer O, Pedrero F, Nortes P A, Alcobendas C R, Bayona J M, Masestre-Valero J F. Long-term physiological and agronomic responses of mandarin trees to irrigation with saline reclaimed water. Agr. Water Manage., 2016; 166: 1–8.
[20] Subramani T, Elango L, Damodarasamy S R. Groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural use Chithar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environ Geol, 2005; 47: 1099–1110.
[21] Kashman O A, Jaradat A Q. Assessment of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural uses in arid environment. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess, 2014; 28:743–753.
[22] Wilcox L V. Classification and use of irrigation waters. U.S. Dept. Agriculture Circular, 195.
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Published
2018-03-31
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Shahab, A., Qi, S., Zaheer, M., Rashid, A., Talib, M. A., & Ashraf, U. (2018). Hydrochemical characteristic and water quality assessment for drinking and agricultural purposes in District Jacobabad, Lower Indus Plain, Pakistan. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 11(2), 115–121. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/2747
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Natural Resources and Environmental Systems
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