Proportional distribution method for estimating actual grain flow under combine harvester dynamics
Abstract
The yield monitors use a constant delay time to match the grain flow with location. Therefore, mixing and smoothing effects on the grain flow are neglected. Although constant time delay compensates for time mismatch, actual grain flow at a combine harvester head is not equal to the grain flow measured by a sensor due to the dynamics effects. In order to eliminate the dynamics effects, a new method for estimating actual grain flow, called proportional distribution (PD), is proposed. This method assumes that actual grain flow is directly proportional to the feedrate. Based on this assumption, the actual grain flow results from redistributing accumulated grain mass over a certain time according to the profile of the feedrate. The PD can avoid the dynamics effects because the feedrate is measured at a combine harvester’s head. Compared with constant time delay, the proposed method can effectively estimate actual grain flow and be applied to improve the accuracy of yield maps. Keywords: grain flow, combine harvester, estimation method, proportional distribution, time delay, yield map, yield monitoring sensor DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20171004.2732 Citation: Wang H, Bai X P, Liang H B. Proportional distribution method for estimating actual grain flow under combine harvester dynamics. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(4): 158–164.References
[1] Searcy S W, Schueller J K, Bae Y H, Borgelt S C, Stout B A. Mapping of spatially variable yield during grain combining. Transactions of the ASAE, 1989; 32(3): 826–829.
[2] Stott B L, Borgelt S C, Sudduth K A. Yield determination using an instrumented Claas combine. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Meeting (USA), 1993.
[3] Birrell S J, Sudduth K A, Borgelt S C. Comparison of sensors and techniques for crop yield mapping. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 1996; 14(2): 215–233.
[4] Maertens K, de Baerdemaeker J, Ramon H, de Keyser R. PH—power and machinery: An analytical grain flow model for a combine harvester, Part I: Design of the model. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 2001; 79(1): 55–63.
[5] Maertens K, de Baerdemaeker J, Ramon H, de Keyser R. PA—Precision agriculture: An analytical grain flow model for a combine harvester, Part II: Analysis and application of the model. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 2001; 79(2): 187–193.
[6] Boydell B, Vellidis G, Perry C, Thomas D L, Hill R, Vervoort R. Dynamics of peanut flow through a peanut combine. Precision Agriculture, 1996; 805–814.
[7] Lark R M, Stafford J V, Bolam H C. Limitations on the spatial resolution of yield mapping for combinable crops. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1997; 66(3): 183–193.
[8] Whelan B M, McBratney A B. Sorghum grain flow convolution within a conventional combine harvester. Precision Agriculture’97: papers presented at the first European Conference on Precision Agriculture, Warwick University Conference Centre, UK, 7-10 September 1997. Oxford; Herndon, VA: BIOS Scientific Pub., 1997.
[9] Whelan B M, McBratney A B. An approach to deconvoluting grain-flow within a conventional combine harvester using a parametric transfer function. Precision Agriculture, 2000; 2(4): 389–398.
[10] Whelan B M, McBratney A B. A parametric transfer function for grain-flow within a conventional combine harvester. Precision Agriculture, 2002; 3(2): 123–134.
[11] Veal M W, Shearer S A, Fulton J P. Development and performance assessment of a grain combine feeder
house-based mass flow sensing device. Transactions of the ASABE, 2010; 53(2): 339–348.
[12] Arslan S, Colvin T S. Grain yield mapping: Yield sensing, yield reconstruction, and errors. Precision Agriculture, 2002; 3(2): 135–154.
[13] Wang H, Hu J T, Gao L, Jia Y F. Development and optimization of a novel grain flow sensor based on PVDF piezoelectric film. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2016; 9(4): 143–152.
[14] Vansichen R, Baerdemaeker J. Continuous wheat yield measurement on a combine, 1991.
[15] Borgelt S C. Sensing and measurement technologies for site specific management. Proceedings of Soil Specific Crop Management. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 1993; pp.141–157.
[16] Reinke R, Dankowicz H, Phelan J, Kang W A. A dynamic grain flow model for a mass flow yield sensor on a combine. Precision Agriculture, 2011; 12(5): 732–749.
[17] Grisso R D, Jasa P J, Schroeder M A, Wilcox J C. Yield monitor accuracy: Successful farming magazine case study. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2002; 18(2): 147.
[18] Fulton J P, Sobolik C J, Shearer S A, Higgins S F, Burks T F. Grain yield monitor flow sensor accuracy for simulated varying field slopes. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2009; 25(1): 15–21.
[19] Burks T F, Shearer S A, Fulton J P, Sobolik C J. Combine yield monitor test facility development and initial monitoring test. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2003, 19(1): 5–12.
[20] Jasa P J, Grisso R D, Wilcox J C. Yield monitor accuracy at reduced flow rates. Proceedings of 2000 ASAE annual international meeting, 2000: 2575–2586.
[21] Schrock M D, Oard D L, Taylor R K, Eisele E L, Zhang N, Pringle J L. A diaphragm impact sensor for measuring combine grain flow. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 1999; 15(6): 639.
[22] Tang Z, Li Y M, Xu L Z, Pan J, Li H C. Experimental study on wheat feed rate of tangential-axial combine harvester. Transactions of the CSAE, 2012; 28(5): 26–31. (in Chinese)
[23] Arslan S, Colvin T S. An evaluation of the response of yield monitors and combines to varying yields. Precision Agriculture, 2002; 3(2): 107–122.
[24] Wang H, Hu J T. Grain flow signal reduction noise using EMD. International Agricultural Engineering Journal, 2015; 24(2): 152–158.
[25] Robert P C. Site-specific management for agricultural system. American Society of Agronomy-Crop Science Society of America-Soil Science Society of America, 1995.
[2] Stott B L, Borgelt S C, Sudduth K A. Yield determination using an instrumented Claas combine. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Meeting (USA), 1993.
[3] Birrell S J, Sudduth K A, Borgelt S C. Comparison of sensors and techniques for crop yield mapping. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 1996; 14(2): 215–233.
[4] Maertens K, de Baerdemaeker J, Ramon H, de Keyser R. PH—power and machinery: An analytical grain flow model for a combine harvester, Part I: Design of the model. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 2001; 79(1): 55–63.
[5] Maertens K, de Baerdemaeker J, Ramon H, de Keyser R. PA—Precision agriculture: An analytical grain flow model for a combine harvester, Part II: Analysis and application of the model. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 2001; 79(2): 187–193.
[6] Boydell B, Vellidis G, Perry C, Thomas D L, Hill R, Vervoort R. Dynamics of peanut flow through a peanut combine. Precision Agriculture, 1996; 805–814.
[7] Lark R M, Stafford J V, Bolam H C. Limitations on the spatial resolution of yield mapping for combinable crops. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 1997; 66(3): 183–193.
[8] Whelan B M, McBratney A B. Sorghum grain flow convolution within a conventional combine harvester. Precision Agriculture’97: papers presented at the first European Conference on Precision Agriculture, Warwick University Conference Centre, UK, 7-10 September 1997. Oxford; Herndon, VA: BIOS Scientific Pub., 1997.
[9] Whelan B M, McBratney A B. An approach to deconvoluting grain-flow within a conventional combine harvester using a parametric transfer function. Precision Agriculture, 2000; 2(4): 389–398.
[10] Whelan B M, McBratney A B. A parametric transfer function for grain-flow within a conventional combine harvester. Precision Agriculture, 2002; 3(2): 123–134.
[11] Veal M W, Shearer S A, Fulton J P. Development and performance assessment of a grain combine feeder
house-based mass flow sensing device. Transactions of the ASABE, 2010; 53(2): 339–348.
[12] Arslan S, Colvin T S. Grain yield mapping: Yield sensing, yield reconstruction, and errors. Precision Agriculture, 2002; 3(2): 135–154.
[13] Wang H, Hu J T, Gao L, Jia Y F. Development and optimization of a novel grain flow sensor based on PVDF piezoelectric film. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2016; 9(4): 143–152.
[14] Vansichen R, Baerdemaeker J. Continuous wheat yield measurement on a combine, 1991.
[15] Borgelt S C. Sensing and measurement technologies for site specific management. Proceedings of Soil Specific Crop Management. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 1993; pp.141–157.
[16] Reinke R, Dankowicz H, Phelan J, Kang W A. A dynamic grain flow model for a mass flow yield sensor on a combine. Precision Agriculture, 2011; 12(5): 732–749.
[17] Grisso R D, Jasa P J, Schroeder M A, Wilcox J C. Yield monitor accuracy: Successful farming magazine case study. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2002; 18(2): 147.
[18] Fulton J P, Sobolik C J, Shearer S A, Higgins S F, Burks T F. Grain yield monitor flow sensor accuracy for simulated varying field slopes. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2009; 25(1): 15–21.
[19] Burks T F, Shearer S A, Fulton J P, Sobolik C J. Combine yield monitor test facility development and initial monitoring test. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 2003, 19(1): 5–12.
[20] Jasa P J, Grisso R D, Wilcox J C. Yield monitor accuracy at reduced flow rates. Proceedings of 2000 ASAE annual international meeting, 2000: 2575–2586.
[21] Schrock M D, Oard D L, Taylor R K, Eisele E L, Zhang N, Pringle J L. A diaphragm impact sensor for measuring combine grain flow. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 1999; 15(6): 639.
[22] Tang Z, Li Y M, Xu L Z, Pan J, Li H C. Experimental study on wheat feed rate of tangential-axial combine harvester. Transactions of the CSAE, 2012; 28(5): 26–31. (in Chinese)
[23] Arslan S, Colvin T S. An evaluation of the response of yield monitors and combines to varying yields. Precision Agriculture, 2002; 3(2): 107–122.
[24] Wang H, Hu J T. Grain flow signal reduction noise using EMD. International Agricultural Engineering Journal, 2015; 24(2): 152–158.
[25] Robert P C. Site-specific management for agricultural system. American Society of Agronomy-Crop Science Society of America-Soil Science Society of America, 1995.
Downloads
Published
2017-07-31
How to Cite
He, W., Xiaoping, B., & Hongbin, L. (2017). Proportional distribution method for estimating actual grain flow under combine harvester dynamics. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 10(4), 158–164. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/2732
Issue
Section
Information Technology, Sensors and Control Systems
License
IJABE is an international peer reviewed open access journal, adopting Creative Commons Copyright Notices as follows.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
