Effects of different fertilizations on fruit quality, yield and soil fertility in field-grown kiwifruit orchard
Keywords:
different fertilizations, kiwifruit yield, quality, soil fertilityAbstract
Kiwifruit yield and quality and soil nutrients were investigated in a kiwifruit orchard after long-term fertilization to understand the relationship between kiwifruit growth and soil nutrition. Seven fertilization treatments with three replications were applied in a continuous four-year period, including no fertilizer (CK); phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers (PK); N and K fertilizers (NK); N and P fertilizers (NP); N, P and K fertilizers (NPK); 1.5 times of N, P and K fertilizers (1.5NPK); and chemical fertilizers plus swine manure (NPKM). Fertilization increased kiwifruit yield at the rate of 450 kg N/hm2, 225 kg P2O5/hm2, 300 kg K2O/hm2. The average yield decreased in a descending order for NPKM (44.6 t/hm2), 1.5NPK (42.6 t/hm2), NPK (42.0 t/hm2), NK (38.0 t/hm2), NP (36.7 t/hm2), PK (36.4 t/hm2) and CK (34.1 t/hm2). The sugar to acid ratio (S:A) was the highest (10.9) in 2012, and the soluble sugar increased by 15.7% after four-year NPKM fertilization. The NPKM fertilization also significantly increased the vitamin C, soluble solid and firmness. The soil organic carbon contents at 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm in depth under the NPKM treatment were 27%, 29% and 139% higher than that of the CK treatment, respectively. The available N contents at 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm in depth in the 1.5NPK treatment were 180%, 114% and 133% higher than that in the CK treatment, respectively. Balanced fertilization with N, P, K and organic manure is important to soil fertility, which may increase yield and improve quality in field-grown kiwifruit orchard. Keywords: different fertilizations, kiwifruit yield, quality, soil fertility DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20171002.2569 Citation: Zhao Z P, Duan M, Yan S, Liu Z F, Wang Q, Fu J, et al. Effects of different fertilizations on fruit quality, yield and soil fertility in field-grown kiwifruit orchard. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(2): 162–171.References
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[2] Zhu Z L. Efficient management of nitrogen fertilizers for floodedrice in relation to nitrogen transformations in flooded soils. Pedosphere, 1992; 2: 97–114.
[3] Zhang Q. Strategies for developing Green Super Rice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2007; 104: 16402–16409.
[4] Cui Z, Zhang F, Chen X, Miao Y, Li J, Shi L, et al. On-farm evaluation of an in-season nitrogen management strategy based on soil Nmin test. Field Crops Res., 2008; 105: 48–55.
[5] Cui Z, Chen X, Miao Y, Zhang F, Schrode J, Zhang H, et al. On-farm evaluation of the improved soil Nmin-based nitrogen management for summer maize in North China Plain. Agron. J, 2008; 100: 517–525.
[6] Zhu J H, Li X L, Christie P, Li J L. Environmental implications of low nitrogen use efficiency in excessively fertilized hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) cropping systems. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 2005; 111: 70–80.
[7] Lai Y, Tong Y A, Chen L L, Gao Y M, Yang J F. Effect of fertilization on kiwifruit yield and quality. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Nat. Sci. Ed.), 2011; 39: 171–176.
[8] Zhao Z P, Tong Y A, Liu F, Wang X Y. Assessment of the current situation of household fertilization on apple in Weibei Plateau. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2012; 20: 1003–1009.
[9] Zhao Z P, Gao Y M, Liu F, Wang X Y, Tong Y A. Effects of organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers on the leaf nutrition, quality and yield of Fuji apple. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2013; 40, 2229–2236.
[10] Liu J L, Liao W H, Zhang Z H, Sun J S. The change of soil nutrition and the status of distribution in the apple orchard in the south and central part of Hebei Province. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2006; 33: 705–708.
[11] Kou C L, Ju X T, Zhang F S. Nitrogen balance and its effects on nitrate-N concentration of ground water in three intensive cropping systems of North China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005; 16, 660–667.
[12] Jin X C. Lake eutrophication in China, in: Jin X C (Ed.), Lake Environment in China. Oceanic Press, Beijing, China, 1995; pp.267–322. (in Chinese)
[13] Zhang W L, Tian Z X, Zhang N, Li X Q. Nitrate pollution of groundwater in northern China. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 1996; 59: 223–231.
[14] Duan S W, Zhang S, Huang H Y. Transport of dissolved inorganic nitrogen from the major rivers to estuaries in China. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst, 2000; 57: 13–22.
[15] Chen J S, Gao X M, He D W, Xia X H. Nitrogen contamination in the Yangtze River system, China. J. Hazardous Mater, 2000; 73: 107–113.
[16] Zhu Z L, Chen D L. Nitrogen fertilizer use in China-contributions to food production, impacts on the environment and best management strategies. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst, 2002; 63: 117–127.
[17] Li D, Daler D. Ocean pollution from land-based sources: East China Sea, China. Ambio, 2004; 33: 107–113.
[18] Ju X T, Xing G X, Chen X P, Zhang S L, Zhang L J, Liu X J, et al. Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2009; 106: 3041–3046.
[19] Miao Y X, Stewart B A, Zhang F S. Long-term experiments for sustainable nutrient management in China: A review. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 2011; 31: 397–414.
[20] Tong Y A, Emteryd O, Zhang S L, Liang D L. Evaluation of over-application of nitrogen fertilizer in China’s Shaanxi Province. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2004; 37: 1239-1244.
[21] Bao S D. Soil agricultural chemistry. Beijing: China agricultural press, 2000; 302–316.
[22] Wang J, Tong Y A. Study on absorption, utilization and storage of nitrogen of kiwifruit tree. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2008; 14: 1170–1177.
[23] Wu T Y, Schoenau J J, Li F M, Qian P Y, Malhi S S, Shi Y C, et al. Influence of cultivation and fertilization on total organic carbon and carbon fractions in soils from the Loess Plateau of China. Soil Till Res., 2004; 77, 59–68.
[24] Zhao Z P, Yan S, Liu F, Ji P H, Wang X Y, Tong Y A. Effects of chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure on Fuji apple quality, yield and soil fertility in apple orchard on the Loess Plateau of China. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2014; 7: 45–55.
[25] Zhong W H, Cai Z C, Zhang H. Effects of long-term application of inorganic fertilizers on biochemical properties of a rice-planting red soil. Pedosphere, 2007; 17: 419–428.
[26] Manna M C, Swarup A, Wanjari R H, Mishra B, Shahi D K. Long-term fertilization, manure and liming effects on soil organic matter and crop yields. Soil Till Res., 2007; 94: 397–409.
[27] Fan T L, Xu M G, Song S Y, Zhou G Y, Ding L P. Trends in grain yields and soil organic C in a long-term fertilization experiment in the China Loess Plateau. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci, 2008; 171:448–457.
[28] Zhang W J, Xu M G, Wang B R, Wang X J. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and grain yields under long-term fertilizations in the upland red soil of Southern China. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst, 2009; 84:59–69.
[29] Liu C A, Li F R, Zhou L M, Zhang R H, Yu J, Lin S L, et al. Effect of organic manure and fertilizer on soil water and crop yields in newly-built terraces with loess soils in a semiarid environment. Agricultural Water Management, 2013; 117: 123–132.
[30] Zhao Z, Tong Y, Wang J. Nutrient uptake and distribution in field-grown Kiwifruit vines. Acta Hort. (ISHS), 2013; 984: 219–226.
[31] Chen H Q, Hou R X, Gong Y S, Li H W, Fan M S, Kuzyakov Y. Effects of 11 years of conservation tillage on soil organic matter fractions in wheat monoculture in Loess Plateau of China. Soil Till Res., 2009; 106: 85–94.
[32] Blair N, Faulkner R D, Till A R, Poulton P R. Long-term management impacts on soil C, N and physical fertility part I: Broadbalk experiment. Soil Till Res., 2006; 91: 30–38.
[33] Banger K, Kukal S S, Toor G, Sudhir K, Hanumanthraju T H. Impact of long-term additions of chemical fertilizers and farm yard manure on carbon and nitrogen sequestration under rice-cowpea cropping system in semi-arid tropics. Plant Soil, 2009; 318: 27–35.
[34] Gong W, Yan X Y, Wang J Y, Hu T X, Gong Y B. Long-term manuring and fertilization effects on soil organic carbon pools under a wheat-maize cropping system in North China Plain. Plant Soil, 2009; 314: 67–76.
[35] Hati K M, Swarup A, Dwivedi A K, Misra A K, Bandyopahhyay K K. Changes in soil physical properties and organic carbon status at the topsoil horizon of a vertisol of central India after 28 years of continuous cropping, fertilization and manuring. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 2007;
119: 127–134.
[36] Liang B, Yang X Y, He X H, Murphy D V, Zhou J B. Long-term combined application of manure and NPK fertilizers influenced nitrogen retention and stabilization of organic C in Loess soil. Plant Soil, 2012; 353: 249–260.
[37] Lu K G, Zhu S H, Zhang L Z. The effect of bio-fertilizer on soil property and fruit quality of red Fuji apple. Journal of Shi he zi University, 2003; 7: 205–208. (in Chinese)
[38] Yan D Z, Wang D J, Yang L Z. Long-term effect of chemical fertilizer, straw, and manure on labile organic matter fractions in a paddy soil. Bio Fertil Soils, 2007; 44: 93–101.
[39] Kaur T, Brar B S, Dhillon N S. Soil organic matter dynamics as affected by long-term use of organic and inorganic fertilizers under maize-wheat cropping system. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst, 2007; 70: 110–121.
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2017-03-31
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Zuoping, Z., Min, D., Sha, Y., Zhifeng, L., Qi, W., Jing, F., & Yan’an, T. (2017). Effects of different fertilizations on fruit quality, yield and soil fertility in field-grown kiwifruit orchard. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 10(2), 162–171. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/2569
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