New control strategy against temperature sudden-drop in the initial stage of pad cooling process in poultry houses

Authors

  • Xue Hui 1. College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China; 3. College of Automation, Henan University of Animal Husbandary and Economy, Zhengzhou 450011, China
  • Baoming Li 1. College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China
  • Hongwei Xin Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
  • Weichao Zheng 1. College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China
  • Zhengxiang Shi 1 College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture. 2 Beijing Engineering Research Center for Livestock and Poultry Healthy Environment.
  • Xiao Yang 1. College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China
  • Shumei Zhao 1. College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China

Keywords:

evaporative cooling, poultry housing, new control strategy, temperature fluctuation, thermal stress

Abstract

Preliminary field measurements have shown substantial temperature sudden-drop (ΔTsd) at bird level in the initial stage of pad cooling process in arid regions of China. Such sudden temperature fluctuation can cause thermal stress to laying hens and this problem is attracting increasing concerns. The purpose of this study was to develop a new control strategy (NCS) to avoid or minimize ΔTsd while simplifying the operational process. Theoretical calculation and field test were conducted in this study. The key ambient thermal factor affecting ΔTsd was analysed by calculating temperature drop of cooled air existing the cooling pad (ΔTd). A countermeasure was applied by controlling the wetted pad area at each startup of the water supply pump. Field test was carried out to demonstrate the application of the NCS in a poultry house. The theoretical arithmetic results showed that ambient relative humidity (RHo) was the main factor affecting ΔTd, and ΔTsd occurred when RHo ≤ 60%. Temperature fluctuation at the bird level (Tdb,b) could be controlled within 4°C when the wetted pad area increased by 25%. The NCS operated based on RHo that was divided into three regions. For RHo > 80%, the pump would not be turned on because of poor cooling effect. For 60% < RHo < 80%, no ΔTsd would occur and the pump would be controlled by “on-off” regulation. For RHo ≤ 60%, ΔTsd occurred and the pump was turned on intermittently. Then, 4-stage cooling would be applied. Results of the field test were generally consistent with the theoretical simulation with regards to alleviation of ΔTsd that was controlled within 3.5°C. Further field verification of the NCS on the flock health and production performance is warranted. Keywords: evaporative cooling, poultry housing, new control strategy, temperature fluctuation, thermal stress DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181101.2479 Citation: Hui X, Li B M, Xin H W, Zheng W C, Shi Z X, Yang X, et al. New control strategy against temperature sudden-drop in the initial stage of pad cooling process in poultry houses. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(1): 66–73.

Author Biography

Xue Hui, 1. College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China; 3. College of Automation, Henan University of Animal Husbandary and Economy, Zhengzhou 450011, China

1 College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture. 2 Beijing Engineering Research Center for Livestock and Poultry Healthy Environment.

References

[1] Li B M. Adaptability of an evaporative pad cooling system to the weather conditions of China. In: Zhang W, Guo P, Zhang S (Ed.), Agricultural Engineering and Rural Development. Proceedings of International Conferences on Agricultural Engineering, 1992; (92-ICAE): 71–74. (in Chinese)
[2] Kuczynski T, Blanes-Vidal V, Li B M, Gates R S, Nääs I A, Moura D J. Impact of global climate change on the health, welfare and productivity of intensively housed livestock. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2011, 4(2): 1–22.
[3] Ndukwu M C, Manuwa S I. Review of research and application of evaporative cooling in preservation of fresh agricultural produce. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2014; 7(5): 85–102.
[4] Ndukwu M C, Manuwa S I. Techno-economic assessment for viability of some waste as cooling pad in evaporative cooling system. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2015; 8(2): 151–158.
[5] Ruzal M, Shinder D, Malka I, Yahav S. Ventilation play an important role in hen’s egg production at high ambient temperature. Poultry Science, 2011; 90(4): 856–862.
[6] Hellickson M A, Walker J N. Ventilation of Agricultural Structure. Michigan: American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 1983. pp. 110–114.
[7] Kittas C, Bartzanas T, Jaffrin A. Temperature gradients in a partially shaded large greenhouse equipped with evaporative cooling pad. Biosystems Engineering, 2003; 85(1): 87–94.
[8] Li B M, Zhou Y J, Cui Y A. Study and use of tunnel ventilation system for poultry houses in summer. Transactions of the CSAE, 1992; 8(4): 83–89. (in Chinese)
[9] Liao C M, Chiu K H. Wind tunnel modeling the system performance of alternative evaporative cooling pad in Taiwan region. Building and Environment, 2002; 37(2): 177–187.
[10] Han G F, Zhao S M, Tan Y F, Li B M, Yamaguchi T. Analysis and countermeasure discussion of temperature sudden-drop in confined layer house under control of evaporative pad cooling system. The 6th European Conference on Precision Livestock Farming, Leuven, Belgium. 2013. pp. 634–642.
[11] Campos A C, Wilcox F H, Shaffner C S. The influence of fast and slow drops in ambient temperature on egg production traits. Poultry Science. 1962; 41(3): 856–865.
[12] Tan Y. Study on cooling pad system regulation of confined poultry house. MA dissertation. Beijing: China Agriculture University. 2010. pp. 12–15.
[13] Lertsatitthanakorn C, Rerngwongwitaya S, Soponronnarit S. Field experiments and economic evaluation of an evaporative cooling system in a silkworm rearing house. Biosystems Engineering, 2006; 93(2): 213–219.
[14] Wang C Y, Cao W, Li B M, Shi Z X, Geng A L. A fuzzy mathematical method to evaluate the suitability of an evaporative pad cooling system for poultry houses in China. Biosystems Engineering, 2008; 101(3): 370–375.
[15] Xuan Y M, Xiao F, Niu X F, Huang X, Wang S W. Research and application of evaporative cooling in China: A review (I)–Research. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012; 16(5): 3535–3546.
[16] Manuwa S I, Odey S O. Evaluation of pad and geometrical shapes for constructing evaporative cooling system. Modern Applied Science. 2012; 6(6): 45–53.
[17] Ndukwu M C. Development of clay evaporative cooler for fruits and vegetables preservation. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 2011; 13(1): 1–8.
[18] Gunhan T, Demir V, Yagcioglu A K. Evaluation of the suitability of some local materials as cooling pad. Biosystems Engineering, 2007, 96(3): 369–377.
[19] Xin H, Berry I L, Costello T A. A computerized measurement and data acquisition system for field poultry research. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 1994, 11(2): 143–156.
[20] Stull R. Wet-bulb temperature from relative humidity and air temperature. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 2011; 50(11): 2267–2269.
[21] Zhou Y J. Design and application of the wet-curtain cooling system in chicken housing. Transactions of the CSAE, 1988; 4(4): 38–46. (in Chinese)
[22] Kittas C, Bartzanas T, Jaffrin A. Temperature gradients in a partially shaded large greenhouse equipped with evaporative cooling pad. Biosystems Engineering, 2003; 85(1): 87–94.
[23] Czarick M, Liang Y, Fairchild B. Evaporative cooling myths and facts. Available: www.poultryventilation.com. Accessed on [2016-3-18].
[24] Blanes-Vidal V, Guijarro E, Balasch S, Torres A G. Application of computational fluid dynamics to the prediction of airflow in a mechanically ventilated commercial poultry building. Biosystems Engineering. 2008; 100(1): 105–116.
[25] Daghir N J. Poultry Production in Hot Climates (2nd ed.). Trowbridge: Cromwell Press. 2007. 129 p.
[26] Shen J S. Solar radiative heat calculation of layers’ house and the amount of ventilation per layer in summer season. Transactions of the CSAM, 1981; 4: 92–100. (in Chinese)

Downloads

Published

2018-01-31

How to Cite

Hui, X., Li, B., Xin, H., Zheng, W., Shi, Z., Yang, X., & Zhao, S. (2018). New control strategy against temperature sudden-drop in the initial stage of pad cooling process in poultry houses. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 11(1), 66–73. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/2479

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 1 (2018): IJABE

Section

Animal, Plant and Facility Systems

License

IJABE is an international peer reviewed open access journal, adopting Creative Commons Copyright Notices as follows.


Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:


  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).