Nozzle test system for droplet deposition characteristics of orchard air-assisted sprayer and its application
Keywords:
air-assisted spraying, flow distribution, droplet deposition, test system, characteristics test systemAbstract
In order to obtain nozzle droplet deposition characteristics for sprayer mechanical design and variable spraying control algorithms, a nozzle droplet deposition characteristics test system for air-assisted spraying was designed. The test system can supply a stable wind site with precisely controlled air speed whose speed control ranges from 2 m/s to 16 m/s with maximum relative error of 4.5%. It can spray out a certain amount of liquid pesticide with adjustable spraying pressure which can be controlled with high precision while the maximum relative error is only 1.33%. The distribution of droplet deposition can be collected and measured by using the acquisition device and a pesticide deposition optical measurement system. The experiment of two-dimensional nozzle flow measurement was carried out. The results show that nozzle flow distribution is uniform and symmetric with “double-hump” shape in the spray range. Multi-nozzle overlapped droplet deposition ranges from 85% to 116% relative to the average. The nozzle droplet deposition experiment was completed. The experiment results show that in air-assisted spraying, the higher the wind speed, the less droplet deposition is affected by gravity. When the wind speed is higher than 12 m/s and spraying distance is 0.80 m, droplet deposition is concentrated on the originally designated point and hardly affected by gravity. The horizontal spray width becomes smaller with higher wind speed. When the wind speed is high, it can be considered that nozzle deposition only focuses on the nozzle center, if the position requirement is not very high in orchard spraying. Keywords: air-assisted spraying, orchard sprayer, flow distribution, droplet deposition, nozzle test system, characteristics test system DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20140702.015 Citation: Zhai C Y, Zhao C J, Wang X, Li W, Li W, Zhu R X. Nozzle test system for droplet deposition characteristics of orchard air-assisted sprayer and its application. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2014; 7(2): 122-129.References
[1] Fu Z T, Qi L J, Wang J H. Developmental tendency and strategies of precision pesticide application techniques. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2007; 38(1): 189-192.
[2] Li L, Song J L, He X K. Design and application of crop automatic target detection device. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2010; 41(7): 54-56.
[3] Lee W S, Alchanatis V, Yang C, Hirafuji M, Moshou D, Li C. Sensing technologies for precision specialty crop production. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2010; 74(8): 2-33.
[4] Juraske R, Fantke P, Ramírez A C R, González A. Pesticide residue dynamics in passion fruits: comparing field trial and modelling results. Chemosphere, 2012; 89: 850–855.
[5] Piche M, Panneton B, Theriault R. Reduced drift from air-assisted spraying. Canadian Agricultural Engineering, 2000; 42(3): 117-122.
[6] Nuytens D, Baetens K, De Schamphelerie M, Sonck B. Effect of nozzle type, size and pressure on spray droplet characteristics. Biosystems Engineering, 2007; 97(3): 333-345.
[7] Smith D B, Askew S D, Morris W H, Shaw D R, Boyette M. Droplet size and leaf morphology effects on pesticide spray deposition. Transactions of the ASAE, 2000; 43(2): 255-259.
[8] Pai N, Salyani M, Sweeb R D. Regulating airflow of orchard air-blast sprayer based on tree foliage density. Transactions of the ASABE, 2009; 52 (5): 1423-1428.
[9] Poulsen M E, Wenneker M, Withagen J, Christensen H B. Pesticide residues in individual versus composite samples of apples after fine or coarse spray quality application. Crop Protection, 2012; 35: 5-14.
[10] Gil E, Llorens J, Llop J, Fàbregas X, Gallart M. Use of a terrestrial LIDAR sensor for drift detection in vineyard spraying. Sensors (Basel), 2013; 13, 516-34.
[11] Reyes J F, Correa C, Esquivel W, Ortega R. Development and field testing of a data acquisition system to assess the quality of spraying in fruit orchards. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture, 2012; 84: 62-67.
[12] Dai F F. Selection and calculation of the blowing rate of air assisted sprayers. Plant Protection, 2008; 34(6): 124-127.
[13] Sun G, Wang X, Ding W, Zhang Y. Simulation analysis on
characteristics of droplet deposition base on CFD discrete phase model. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012; 28(6): 13-19.
[14] Baetens K, Nuyttens D, Verboven P, De Schamphelerie M, Nicolai B, Ramon H. Predicting drift from field spraying by means of 3D computational fluid dynamics model. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2007; 56(2): 161-173.
[15] Qiu W, Ding W M, Wang X C, Gong Y, Zhang X X, Lv X L. 3WZ-700 Self-propelled Air-blowing Orchard Sprayer. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2012; 43(4): 26-30, 44.
[16] Derksen R C, Krause C R. Spray delivery to nursery trees by air curtain and axial fan orchard sprayer. Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 2004; 22(1): 17-22.
[17] Browna D L, Gilesb D K, Oliver M N. Targeted spray technology to reduce pesticide in runoff from dormant orchards. Crop Protection, 2008; 27: 545-552
[18] Lv X L, Fu X M, Wu P, Ding S M, Zhou L F, Yan H J. Influence of spray operating parameters on droplet deposition. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2011; 42(6): 70-75.
[19] De Schamphelerie M, Spanoghe P, Nuyttens D, Baetens K, Cornelis W, Gabriels D, et al. Classification of spray nozzles based on droplet size distributions and wind tunnel tests. Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, 2006; 71(2a): 201-208
[20] Molto M, Martin B, Gutierrez A. Pesticide loss reduction by automatic adaptation of spraying on globular trees. Journal of agricultural engineering research, 2001; 78(1): 35-41.
[21] Liu X M, Zhang X H, Hou C L. Air Flow Simulation and Flow Field Optimization for Airduct of Air-assisted Boom Sprayer. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2011; 42(4): 70-75.
[22] Zhai C, Wang X, Zhao C, Zou W, Liu D, Mao Y. Orchard tree structure digital test system and its application. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 2011; 54(3): 1145-1150.
[23] Llorens J, Gil E, Llop J, Escolà A. Ultrasonic and LIDAR sensors for electronic canopy characterization in vineyards: advances to improve pesticide application methods. Sensors, 2011; 11(2): 2177-2194.
[2] Li L, Song J L, He X K. Design and application of crop automatic target detection device. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2010; 41(7): 54-56.
[3] Lee W S, Alchanatis V, Yang C, Hirafuji M, Moshou D, Li C. Sensing technologies for precision specialty crop production. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2010; 74(8): 2-33.
[4] Juraske R, Fantke P, Ramírez A C R, González A. Pesticide residue dynamics in passion fruits: comparing field trial and modelling results. Chemosphere, 2012; 89: 850–855.
[5] Piche M, Panneton B, Theriault R. Reduced drift from air-assisted spraying. Canadian Agricultural Engineering, 2000; 42(3): 117-122.
[6] Nuytens D, Baetens K, De Schamphelerie M, Sonck B. Effect of nozzle type, size and pressure on spray droplet characteristics. Biosystems Engineering, 2007; 97(3): 333-345.
[7] Smith D B, Askew S D, Morris W H, Shaw D R, Boyette M. Droplet size and leaf morphology effects on pesticide spray deposition. Transactions of the ASAE, 2000; 43(2): 255-259.
[8] Pai N, Salyani M, Sweeb R D. Regulating airflow of orchard air-blast sprayer based on tree foliage density. Transactions of the ASABE, 2009; 52 (5): 1423-1428.
[9] Poulsen M E, Wenneker M, Withagen J, Christensen H B. Pesticide residues in individual versus composite samples of apples after fine or coarse spray quality application. Crop Protection, 2012; 35: 5-14.
[10] Gil E, Llorens J, Llop J, Fàbregas X, Gallart M. Use of a terrestrial LIDAR sensor for drift detection in vineyard spraying. Sensors (Basel), 2013; 13, 516-34.
[11] Reyes J F, Correa C, Esquivel W, Ortega R. Development and field testing of a data acquisition system to assess the quality of spraying in fruit orchards. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture, 2012; 84: 62-67.
[12] Dai F F. Selection and calculation of the blowing rate of air assisted sprayers. Plant Protection, 2008; 34(6): 124-127.
[13] Sun G, Wang X, Ding W, Zhang Y. Simulation analysis on
characteristics of droplet deposition base on CFD discrete phase model. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012; 28(6): 13-19.
[14] Baetens K, Nuyttens D, Verboven P, De Schamphelerie M, Nicolai B, Ramon H. Predicting drift from field spraying by means of 3D computational fluid dynamics model. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2007; 56(2): 161-173.
[15] Qiu W, Ding W M, Wang X C, Gong Y, Zhang X X, Lv X L. 3WZ-700 Self-propelled Air-blowing Orchard Sprayer. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2012; 43(4): 26-30, 44.
[16] Derksen R C, Krause C R. Spray delivery to nursery trees by air curtain and axial fan orchard sprayer. Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 2004; 22(1): 17-22.
[17] Browna D L, Gilesb D K, Oliver M N. Targeted spray technology to reduce pesticide in runoff from dormant orchards. Crop Protection, 2008; 27: 545-552
[18] Lv X L, Fu X M, Wu P, Ding S M, Zhou L F, Yan H J. Influence of spray operating parameters on droplet deposition. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2011; 42(6): 70-75.
[19] De Schamphelerie M, Spanoghe P, Nuyttens D, Baetens K, Cornelis W, Gabriels D, et al. Classification of spray nozzles based on droplet size distributions and wind tunnel tests. Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, 2006; 71(2a): 201-208
[20] Molto M, Martin B, Gutierrez A. Pesticide loss reduction by automatic adaptation of spraying on globular trees. Journal of agricultural engineering research, 2001; 78(1): 35-41.
[21] Liu X M, Zhang X H, Hou C L. Air Flow Simulation and Flow Field Optimization for Airduct of Air-assisted Boom Sprayer. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2011; 42(4): 70-75.
[22] Zhai C, Wang X, Zhao C, Zou W, Liu D, Mao Y. Orchard tree structure digital test system and its application. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 2011; 54(3): 1145-1150.
[23] Llorens J, Gil E, Llop J, Escolà A. Ultrasonic and LIDAR sensors for electronic canopy characterization in vineyards: advances to improve pesticide application methods. Sensors, 2011; 11(2): 2177-2194.
Downloads
How to Cite
Changyuan, Z., Chunjiang, Z., Xiu, W., Wei, L., Wei, L., & Ruixiang, Z. (2014). Nozzle test system for droplet deposition characteristics of orchard air-assisted sprayer and its application. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 7(2), 122–129. Retrieved from https://ijabe.migration.pkpps03.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/ijabe/article/view/1216
Issue
Section
Special Column of Orchard Information System
License
IJABE is an international peer reviewed open access journal, adopting Creative Commons Copyright Notices as follows.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
